enzymes

• What are enzymes

  Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
• Types of digestive enzymes

  Carbohydrases, Proteases, Lipases
• Carbohydrases

  Break down carbohydrates into simple sugars (e.g., amylase breaks starch into maltose, then glucose).
• Protease

  Break down proteins into amino acids (e.g., pepsin in the stomach).
• Lipases

  Break down lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids.
• Where is amylase produced

  Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
• where is protease produced?

  Stomach, pancreas, small intestine.
• where is lipase produced ?

  Pancreas, secreted into the small intestine.
• role of bile

  Produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder. It emulsifies fats (breaks them into smaller droplets) and neutralizes stomach acid.
• Neutralizing stomach acid means reducing its acidity to make it less harsh.
• bile neutralized the acid that is stuck with the food that came down to the small intestine
• the lock and key theory

  The lock and key theory is a model that explains how enzymes work to catalyze chemical reactions.
• • Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being consumed in the process.
  • Each enzyme has an active site, which is a specific region where the substrate (the molecule the enzyme acts on) binds.
  • The substrate and the enzyme's active site have complementary shapes, much like a key fitting into a lock. This is why it's called the "lock and key" model.
• enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur