replication of dna

• the 1st step of dna replication is unzipping: the enzyme dna helicase unwinds the dna helix by breaking hydrogen bonds. the site where dna is separating is called the replication fork

  
• dna replication step 2: dna replication needs a primer so the next enzyme, dna polymerase can start at the right place. an enzyme called primase adds the rna primer

  
• the parental strands(original dna strands) act as templates for nucleotides to match up with in dna replication (called complementary base pairing)
• replication is the process of creating an exact copy of a molecule of dna (2 dna molecules made from 1 strand)
• in the cell cycle, dna replication occurs during S phase of interphase
• step 2 of dna replication: the rna primers are removed from the dna by an enzyme called polymerase. this enzyme removes the primers and replaces them with complementary dna nucleotides that match with the parent strand

  
• dna ligase acts as a glue and sticks the Okazaki fragments (that were generated on the lagging strand) together and fill in missing parts

  
• during replication, errors are made so dna polymerase acts as a proofreader for mistakes and cuts out the wrong base and replaces it with the right base which must be done right away
• the result of dna replication is two new strands that are identical to the parent strand
• dna polymerase works in pairs and they only add nucleotides to the 3' end strand of dna which results in a lagging strand and okazaki fragments on the 5'>3' strand

  
• dna replication(dna -> dna) Transcription (dna-> rna) translation (rna->protein)