Types of Data

• What is quantitative data in psychology research?

  Data in the form of numbers
• Quantitative data can be transformed into tables, graphs, charts, percentages, and fractions
• Which statistical tests are used to analyze quantitative data?

  Mean, mode, range
• Experiments are research methods that tend to generate quantitative data.
• Match the research method with its primary data type:

  Experiments ↔️ Scores on a memory test

  Observations ↔️ Tally charts of behavior

  Correlations ↔️ Correlation coefficients

  Questionnaires ↔️ Closed-ended responses
• Why is quantitative data considered reliable in research?

  Easy to analyze and compare
• Quantitative data is high in validity because it explains the reasons behind behavior.

  False
• Quantitative data tends to over-simplify the complex nature of human behavior
• What is qualitative data in psychology research?

  Data in the form of words or images
• Qualitative research methods include diary entries and focus group interviews.
• Which analysis techniques are used for qualitative data?

  Content analysis or thematic analysis
• What insight does qualitative data provide in research?

  Nature of individual experience
• The subjective nature of qualitative methods means it lacks objectivity and reliability
• How is primary data collected in research?

  At the source
• Primary data has been previously published.

  False
• Why is primary data considered more reliable than secondary data?

  Researcher has full control
• Primary research is expensive and time-consuming compared to secondary data
• What is secondary data in research?

  Pre-existing research findings
• Match the secondary data example with its description:

  Meta-analysis ↔️ Combines findings from multiple studies

  Cross-cultural replication ↔️ Tests the same research across cultures

  Literature review ↔️ Summarizes existing research

  Archival data ↔️ Uses historical records
• Why can researchers have confidence in secondary data from meta-analysis?

  Studies have been peer-reviewed
• Secondary data lacks reliability because the researcher has no control over the original studies.
• What do levels of measurement refer to in psychology research?

  Differences in precision
• Nominal data is the most basic level of measurement
• What information does nominal data provide in research?

  How many people are in a group
• Ordinal data includes equal intervals between each score.

  False
• Give an example of ordinal data in research.

  Finishing order of runners
• Interval data provides the most sensitive and sophisticated level of measurement
• Why is temperature an example of interval data?

  Equal intervals between values
• Interval data has equal intervals between each value.