The Nervous and The Endocrine System & Fight or Flight

• The human nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
• What two components make up the central nervous system?

  Brain and spinal cord
• The brain regulates breathing and heart rate
• The most sophisticated part of the brain is the cerebral cortex
• Match the part of the brain with its function:

  Brainstem ↔️ Connects brain to spinal cord

  Cerebral cortex ↔️ Thinking and memory

  Spinal cord ↔️ Transmits signals to body
• What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

  Somatic and autonomic
• The somatic nervous system transmits and receives messages from all senses except sight
• What type of movements does the somatic nervous system control?

  Voluntary, conscious movements
• The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary movements

  False
• Match the division of the autonomic nervous system with its effect on the body:

  Sympathetic nervous system ↔️ Fight or flight response

  Parasympathetic nervous system ↔️ Rest and digest
• Adrenaline is released from the adrenal glands
• The parasympathetic nervous system slows heart and breathing rates
• Order the divisions of the human nervous system from broadest to most specific:

  1️⃣ Nervous system

  2️⃣ Central nervous system (CNS) ||| Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

  3️⃣ Somatic nervous system (SNS) ||| Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

  4️⃣ Sympathetic nervous system (SPNS) ||| Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)
• A hormone is a chemical secreted by the endocrine glands
• Which gland regulates the major hormones in the body?

  Pituitary gland
• Hormones act faster than neurotransmitters

  False
• Match the hormone with its primary effect:

  Oxytocin ↔️ Childbirth and attachment

  Thyroxine ↔️ Regulates metabolism

  Insulin ↔️ Helps blood sugar enter cells

  Cortisol ↔️ Stress response
• Which part of the adrenal gland secretes adrenaline?

  Adrenal medulla
• Adrenaline prepares the body to deal with stress, fear, or excitement
• The ‘fight or flight’ response involves increased heart rate and breathing
• What happens to blood vessels in less important organs during the fight or flight response?

  They constrict
• Once the threat has passed, exhaustion or ravenous hunger may occur
• What do the adrenal glands produce?

  Adrenaline

  
• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

  CNS and PNS

  
• The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord

  
• What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of?

  Brain and spinal cord

  
• Which gland produces thyroxine?

  Thyroid gland

  
• What type of neuron initiates the reflex arc in response to a stimulus?

  Sensory neuron

  
• The sensory neuron transmits an impulse to the spinal cord.

  
• What hormone does the pancreas produce?

  Insulin