Intermolecular forces

• What holds the particles in the solid and liquid states?

  Intermolecular forces.
• they are the attractive forces that act between molecules.

  intermolecular forces
• These attractive forces are much weaker than bonding forces, or the intramolecular ones.

  Intermolecular Forces
• Weakest to Strongest IMF:

  • London Dispersion Forces
  • Dipole-Dipole Forces
  • Hydrogen Bonds
  • Ion-Dipole Forces
• Intermolecular Forces exists BETWEEN

  molecules
• Intermolecular Forces are _ in nature

  electrostatic
• Types of Intermolecular Forces

  1. London Dispersion Forces
  2. Dipole-Dipole Forces
  3. Hydrogen Bonds
  4. Ion-Dipole Forces
• The intermolecular forces ONLY EXIST in


  non-metals
• Metals only have intramolecular forces


  (metallic bonding, covalent bonding, or ionic bonding)
• The forces that hold atoms together within a molecule are known as

  intramolecular forces
• The forces that exist between molecules are referred to as

  intermolecular forces.
• _ are the smallest unit of matter.

  atoms
• _ are made up of atoms bonded together.

  molecules
• They arise from the interaction between _ and _ species

  positively and negatively charged
• As these electrostatic interactions fall off rapidly with increasing distance between molecules, they are most important for _ & _ where the molecules are close together.

  solids & liquids
• are much weaker because of how they only interact with electron clouds.

  intermolecular forces
• involve “sharing or transfer” of electrons between atoms.

  intramolecular forces
• It occurs between non-polar molecules.

  London Dispersion Forces
• It occurs between polar molecules.

  Dipole-Dipole Forces
• It occurs in hydrogen atoms in polar bonds.

  Hydrogen Bonds
• It occurs between a fully charged ion and a dipole.

  Ion-Dipole Forces
• highly electronegative atoms

  flourine, nitrogen, oxygen