test 1

• Mississauga originated along the east coast confirmed by the Anishinabe oral prophecy of the seven fires.
• Haudenosaunee originated in Central or South America
• •the caribou drifted north, but white-tailed deer moved in to take their place
• Some moved northwest and west to help form the Petun society around the Nottawasaga highlands and the Neutral society around the Niagara peninsula
• 1600 - It was during this time that Toronto began to appear on maps created by French traders
• They also had a camp and council fire at today’s Queen Street West and Shaw Street (the site of today’s Centre for Addiction and Mental Health)
• •a fish camp at Church Street and Front Street East, near today’s Berczy Park (a creek used to flow along Church)
• Only one farm inside the 416
• Zoning started pre 1945
• In Yi Fu Tuan’s words (1974) this is called “topophilia”: personal identity with and love of a place
• Three zones of Toronto

  • City core
  • Inner suburbs
  • Outer Suburbs
• Outer suburbs - Etobicoke, north york, scarborough, york, east york, old city of toronto
• Commercial Gentrification - Shopping (consumption) as a significant social experience associated with the overall process of gentrification along the main streets where the goods and services that cater to the gentrifiers can be found and linked to the new concentrations of creative capital which include advertising, architecture and publishing
• Artist-led Gentrification

  The ‘pioneers’ who first move into and begin to gentrify these artist neighbourhoods include members of the ‘cultural new class’ from design, advertising, journalism and media-related sectors (192).

  They are subsequently followed by younger public sector managers and health, education and welfare professionals, who are then followed by doctors, lawyers and more established professionals (192).

  The final stage of in-movers who complete the gentrification cycle includes private-sector managers, sales workers and financial professionals (192).
• Municipal Gentrification

  Tom Slater (2004) explains how specific bylaws introduced by the City of Toronto were responsible for the municipal promotion and initiation of gentrification in Toronto’s South Parkdale neighbourhood.

  Queen Street West was known in the 1990’s and early 2000’s as one of Toronto’s largest artist communities.

  Today, many of the neighbourhood’s artists have been displaced from the neighbourhood and are being replaced by the ‘creative classes’ that can now afford to live in and around the Queen Street West area.