psychodynamic

• psychodynamic approach - refers to dynamics of behaviour with what drives or motivates us to behave in a certain way. Abnormal behaviour is determined by unconscious conflicts which are linked to childhood
• Spychodynamic approach (short) - it emphasises the activates nature of mental processes and their role in shaping personality and behaviour
• who is behind the psychodynamic approach - Freud 1900
• there are three main ideas - superego, Ego and ID which take place indoor conscious, preconscious and unconscious memory
• conscious memory (iceberg) - small amounts of mental activity we actually know about e.g thoughts and perceptions - small parts of the EGO and Superego
• Preconscous memory (iceberg)- things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried to. e.g memories or stored knowledge - mostly the Ego and small parts of the Superego
• Unconscious memory (iceberg) - things we are unaware and cannot become aware of e.g traumatic experiences, fears , shameful experinces - ID and most of Superego
• it assumes that -

  • human behaviour has unconscious causes that not aware of
  • from birth humans have a need to fulfil basic biological motivations
  • childhood experiences are a really important influence on development of adult personality and psychological disorders
• ID - born with it and is unconscious , is the animal part of the personality that contains our innate aggressive and sexual desires, wants to be satisfied by whatever possible and obeys the 'pleasure principle', accounts of unreasonable behaviour
• EGO - acts as a rational part of personality known as 'reality principle

  exists in both conscious and unconscious part of mind

  develops within first three years of life
• EGO (main job) - Balances the Id and superego to keep our behaviours in line
• Superego - in both conscious and unconscious parts of the mind

  takes our morals into consideration and involved two make us feel guilty

  develops around 4 to 5 years

  ideas how to behave which adopt from parents
• Ego defence mechanism - Balances the ID and Superego, if does not = conflict

  gains help against conflict by defence mechanisms
• Defence mechanisms (EGO) - temporary fixes as are a distortion of reality

  there are 4 types of defence mechanism:

  1. reaction formation
  2. displacement
  3. sublimation
  4. repression
• Reaction formation - behaving in ways directly opposite to unconscious impulses and feelings
• displacement - transferring impulses and feelings two an originally neutral of innocent target
• sublimation - redirection of threatening impulse to something socially acceptable

  e.g playing football instead of punching your boss
• repression - pushing something into your unconscious (forgetting it)