psychodynamic approach - refers to dynamics of behaviour with what drives or motivates us to behave in a certain way. Abnormal behaviour is determined by unconscious conflicts which are linked to childhood
Spychodynamic approach (short) - it emphasises the activates nature of mental processes and their role in shaping personality and behaviour
who is behind the psychodynamic approach - Freud 1900
there are three main ideas - superego, Ego and ID which take place indoor conscious, preconscious and unconscious memory
conscious memory (iceberg) - small amounts of mental activity we actually know about e.g thoughts and perceptions - small parts of the EGO and Superego
Preconscous memory (iceberg)- things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried to. e.g memories or stored knowledge - mostly the Ego and small parts of the Superego
Unconscious memory (iceberg) - things we are unaware and cannot become aware of e.g traumatic experiences, fears , shameful experinces - ID and most of Superego
it assumes that -
human behaviour has unconscious causes that not aware of
from birth humans have a need to fulfil basic biological motivations
childhood experiences are a really important influence on development of adult personality and psychological disorders
ID - born with it and is unconscious , is the animal part of the personality that contains our innate aggressive and sexual desires, wants to be satisfied by whatever possible and obeys the 'pleasure principle', accounts of unreasonable behaviour
EGO - acts as a rational part of personality known as 'reality principle
exists in both conscious and unconscious part of mind
develops within first three years of life
EGO (main job) - Balances the Id and superego to keep our behaviours in line
Superego - in both conscious and unconscious parts of the mind
takes our morals into consideration and involved two make us feel guilty
develops around 4 to 5 years
ideas how to behave which adopt from parents
Ego defence mechanism - Balances the ID and Superego, if does not = conflict
gains help against conflict by defence mechanisms
Defence mechanisms (EGO) - temporary fixes as are a distortion of reality
there are 4 types of defence mechanism:
reaction formation
displacement
sublimation
repression
Reaction formation - behaving in ways directly opposite to unconscious impulses and feelings
displacement - transferring impulses and feelings two an originally neutral of innocent target
sublimation - redirection of threatening impulse to something socially acceptable
e.g playing football instead of punching your boss
repression - pushing something into your unconscious (forgetting it)