21st

• Pre-Colonial literature includes chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives
• These were passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth
• Philippine folk narratives depict the people's livelihood, customs, and traditions
• Folk Speeches in the Pre-Colonial period include Riddles, Proverbs or Aphorisms, Tanaga, and Ambahan
• Riddle: a puzzle describing an object in terms of another unrelated object
• Proverbs or Aphorisms: short sayings instilling values and teaching lessons
• Tanaga: a Filipino poem with 4 lines of 7 syllables each with the same rhyme at the end
• Ambahan: a poem with 7 syllables per line, focusing on human relationships and social entertainment
• Folk Songs in the Pre-Colonial period include Lullabies, Tulang Pambata, Love lyrics, Courtship songs, Work Songs, Drinking Songs, Religious songs, and Death songs
• Folk Narratives in the Pre-Colonial period include Folktales, Myths, Legends, Fables, and Epics
• Folktales: stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor with lessons
• Myths: about the origins and goals of cosmos, Gods, and Goddesses
• Legends: explaining the origin of things
• Fables: involving animals
• Epics: supernatural events of heroic deeds
• Spanish Colonization Period brought Christianity, Spanish language, and new literary forms
• Spanish missionaries taught the gospel through the native language
• Literature in this period includes religious prose and poetry, and secular prose and poetry
• The first Filipino alphabet, ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman alphabet
• Filipino intellectuals called Ilustrados began writing about the impact of colonization
• Jose Rizal, a prominent ilustrado, wrote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• American Period saw Filipino writers expressing love of country and longing for independence
• Education became important, spreading English language and cultural values
• Poetry, Short Story, and Drama flourished during this period
• Japanese Period interrupted Philippine literature development and censored works
• Contemporary Period includes the Rebirth of Freedom, Period of Activism, Period of the New Society, Period of the Third Republic, Post-EDSA 1 Revolution, and 21st Century Period
• Youth activism in the 1970-72 Period was due to domestic and worldwide causes
• The New Society period focused on the country's development and progress
• Post-EDSA 1 Revolution marked changes in Filipino literature after regaining independence
• 21st Century Period introduced new trends and writing styles to meet the needs of the new generation