med term

• Unusual plural forms:

  • Singular term ending in "-ex/-ix" becomes plural with "-ices": Appendix -> Appendices, Index -> Indices
  • Singular term ending in "-a" becomes plural with "-ae": Bursa -> Bursae, Vertebra -> Vertebrae
  • Singular term ending in "-itis" changes to "-ides" for plural: Arthritis -> Arthritides, Meningitis -> Meningitides
  • Singular term ending in "-is" becomes plural with "-es": Diagnosis -> Diagnoses, Metastasis -> Metastases
  • Singular term ending in "-on" becomes plural with "-a": Criterion -> Criteria, Ganglion -> Ganglia
• • Singular term ending in "-nx" changes to "-ges" for plural: Phalanx -> Phalanges, Meninx -> Meninges
  • Singular term ending in "-us" becomes plural with "-i": Alveolus -> Alveoli, Malleolus -> Malleoli
  • Singular term ending in "-um" becomes plural with "-a": Diverticulum -> Diverticula, Ovum -> Ova
• • Metabolic diseases disturb the normal physiological function of the body
  • Asymptomatic means no symptoms
  • Signs are objective evidence of disease, while symptoms are subjective evidence
  • Syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms occurring together in a specific disease process
  • Eponym is a disease, structure, operation, or procedure named after its discoverer
• Medical Abbreviations and Symbols:

  • Disease is a condition where one or more body parts are not functioning normally
  • Pathology is the study of the nature and cause of disease involving changes in structure and function
  • Pathogenesis is the origination and development of a disease
  • Diagnosis is identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms
  • Differential Diagnosis is determining which disease is producing the symptoms present
  • Etiology is the study of the causes of diseases
  • Acute diseases have rapid onset, severe course, and short duration
• • Chronic diseases have long duration and are rarely cured
  • Sequelae are pathological conditions resulting from a prior disease, injury, or attack
  • Iatrogenic refers to an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
  • Remission is the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of disease symptoms without a cure
  • Nosocomial diseases are acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
  • Idiopathic illnesses have no known cause
  • Prognosis is the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disorder
• • Congenital diseases are present before birth due to prenatal influences, premature birth, or birth injuries
  • Hereditary diseases are caused by an absent or defective gene transmitted from parent to offspring
  • Inflammatory diseases result from a localized reaction causing redness, warmth, swelling, and pain
  • Traumatic diseases result from mechanical force
  • Neoplastic diseases cause tumor growth, both benign and malignant
  • Degenerative diseases result in progressive deterioration and loss of tissue or organ function
• Medical Terms Referring to General Pathological Processes:

  • Manifestation of damage to tissue cells:
  • Atrophy
  • Hypertrophy
  • Hyperplasia
  • Metaplasia
  • Dysplasia
  • Infection, antibody formation, inflammation, and repair:
  • Gigantism
  • Acromegaly
  • Cushing Syndrome
  • Dwarfism
  • Acromircia
  • Simmond’s Disease
  • Turner’s Syndrome
  • Down Syndrome
  • Noonan Syndrome
  • Russel-Silver Syndrome
  • Prader Willi Syndrome
• • Genetics studies genes, heredity, and inheritance of traits
  • Histology studies the microscopic structure of cells and tissues
  • Immunology covers the immune system's defense mechanisms
  • Microbiology studies microscopic organisms
  • Molecular Biology studies molecular processes in organisms
  • Neuroscience focuses on the nervous system
  • Nutrition studies dietary requirements
  • Pathology studies diseases, causes, mechanisms, and effects on organisms
  • Pharmacology studies drugs, their effects, and biological responses
  • Physiology deals with the activities and processes of living organisms
• • Toxicology studies poisons, their effects, and treatment
• Practice of Medicine and Allied Professions and Technical Occupations:

  • Anatomy studies the shape and structure of the body and organ relationships
  • Biochemistry studies chemical behavior in living systems
  • Biostatistics uses statistical tests to analyze biological data
  • Cytology deals with the structure, composition, and function of cells
  • Embryology studies the formation and early development of living organisms
  • Endocrinology focuses on hormones and their effects on endocrine organs
  • Epidemiology studies the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations
• • Hematology studies blood diseases
  • Nephrology focuses on kidney function and diseases
  • Nuclear Medicine uses radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
  • Ophthalmology deals with visual pathways and eye disorders
  • Pediatrics focuses on healthcare for children and adolescents
  • Plastics, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery restores body parts to normal appearance
  • Radiology uses medical imaging for diagnosis
  • Transfusion Medicine deals with blood transfusions and blood banks
  • Urology studies diseases of the male reproductive system and urinary tract
• Medical Specialties:

  Diagnostic Specialties:

  • Allergology studies allergies and hypersensitivity disorders
  • Angiology studies the circulatory and lymphatic systems
  • Cardiology deals with heart disorders
  • Cellular Pathology studies cellular alterations in disease
  • Clinical Chemistry diagnoses through biochemical analysis
  • Clinical Microbiology diagnoses diseases caused by microorganisms
  • Clinical Immunology covers all aspects of the immune system
  • Endocrinology focuses on endocrine organ diagnostics and treatment
  • Gastroenterology studies the gastrointestinal tract