CHAPTER 1: ABPSY

• stigma- it refers to the destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups considered different in some manner, such as people with mental illness.
• 4 characteristics of stigma

  1. Distinguishing label is applied
  2. label refers to undesirable attributes
  3. People with the label are seen as different
  4. people with the label are discriminated against.
• Normal Behavior- one behavior that is like other people in the society
• Normality is personal comfort- what may be pleasing to one may not be pleasing to other
• Normality is a process- one may be normal today but not tomorrow and vice-versa
• Pyschological dysfunction- refers to the breakdown cognitive, emotional or behavioral functioning.
• Distress or impairment- individual is extremely upser and cannot function properly.
• Deviance- atypical or not culturally expected
• Dangerous- created potential harm to self and others
• onset- the time that has been noted to be a change in one's usual health status with the identified signs
• psychopathology- scientific study of mental disorders
• developmental psychology- the study of changes in behavior over time
• developmental psychopathology- refer to the study of changes in abnormal behavior
• life-span development psychopathology- study of abnormal behavior across the entire age span
• clinical psychology- applied branch of psychology that seeks to understand, assess and treat psychological conditions in a clinical setting
• abnormal psychology- branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotions, and thought which may or may not indicate an underlying condition.
• treatment- often important to the study of psychological disorders
• supernatural model- the treatment of the individual with mental disorders throughout recorded history has not generally been good
• despair and lethargy were often identified by the church with the sin of acedia or sloth
• in the 14th century, Nicholas Oresme- chief advisers to the king france, a bishop and philospoher suggested that the disease and melancholy was the source of some bizzare behavior, rather than demons
• Moral Therapy - A strong psychosocial approach to mental disorders.
• Philippe Pinel - Father of modern psychiatry
• Jean-Baptiste Pussin - Superintendent of the Parisian hospital La Bicetre
• Benjamin Rush - Founder of U.S psychiatry, introduced moral therapy in his early work at Pennsylvania Hospital.
• Dorothea Dix - Advocate reform in the treatment of insanity. Known for her Mental Hygiene Movement.
• Franz Anton Mesmer - The Father of hypnosis, he used Animal Magnetism, also known as Mesmerism.
• Mass hysteria- whole group of people were simultaneously ,compelled to run in the streets, dance, shout, rave and jump
• Animal Magnetism - Undetectable fluid found in all living organisms.
• Lebensmagnetismus - Invisible natural force
• patterns as if they were at a particularly wild party late at night still called a rave today but with music. this behavior was known by several names, including saint vitus's dance and tarantism.
• Benjamin Franklin - Put animal magnetism to the test by conducting a brilliant experiment.
• mass hysteria simply demonstrate the phenomenon of emotion contagion, in which the experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us.
• Jean-Martin Charcot - Demonstrated some techniques of mesmerism and he did much legitimize the fledging practice of hypnosis.
• Denial - Refuses to acknowledge some aspect of objective reality or subjective experience.
• Displacement - Transfers a feeling of discomfort onto another object or person usually less-threatening.
• Projection - Falsely attributes own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts to another individual or object.
• Rationalization - Conceals the true motivations for action, thoughts, or feelings through elaborate reassuring or self-serving but incorrect explanations.
• Reaction Formation - Substitutes behavior, thoughts, or feelings that are the direct opposite of unacceptable ones.
• Repression - Blocks disturbing wishes, thoughts, or experiences from conscious awareness.
• Sublimation - Directs potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior.