Enzymes

Cards (30)

  • Enzymes are proteins that are involved in all metabolic reactions, they function as biological catalysts.
  • Each enzyme has an active site that has a complementary shape to its substrate.
  • The properties of enzymes:
    1. All enzymes are protein
    2. Enzymes are made inactive by high temperatures
    3. Enzymes work best at optimum temperature and pH
    4. Enzymes are catalysts
    5. Enzymes are specific
  • Cells create enzymes based on instructions carried in the cells' genes.
  • Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.
  • The activation energy is needed to start a reaction
  • Enzymes are protein molecules and made up of amnio acids.
  • Denature is the state of an enzyme when it loses its shape or has been irreversibly damaged.
  • Intracellular enzymes are enzymes that works inside the cells
  • Extracellular cells are enzymes that are made inside the cell and then released from the cell
  • Factors that affect the rate of reaction:
    • Temperature
    • pH
    • Surface Area
    • Pressure
    • Enzyme Concentration
    • Substrate concentration
  • Anabolic reactions: Build up large molecules from smaller molecules and usually requires energy.
  • Catabolic reactions: break down large molecules into smaller molecules, and often release energy
  • Catalase: an enzyme that catalyzes the breaks down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
  • Catalyst: a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed.
  • Catalyse: to make a chemical reaction happen more quickly
  • Pectinase: group of enzymes that breaks down pectin.
  • Trypsin: proteolytic enzyme secreted in pancreatic juice and breaks down proteins into amino acids..
  • Pepsin: digestive enzyme in stomach, breaks down protein into polypeptides.
  • Substrate: the substance that an enzyme causes to react.
  • Active site: The part of an enzyme molecule to which the substrate temporarily binds
  • Biuret test would give a positive result for testing a solution containing only enzyme.
  • A reaction controlled by an enzyme happens more slowly as temperature decreases because the enzyme and substrate molecules have less kinetic energy.
  • The smaller molecules from which an enzyme molecule is made are amino acids.
  • Pepsin + protein = polypeptides
  • Catalase + Hydrogen peroxide = water + oxygen
  • Protease + proteins = amino acids
  • Lipases + Fats n oils = Fatty acids + glycerol
  • Amylase + Starch = Maltose
  • Maltase + Maltose = Glucose