lesson 1 disaster

• Disaster


    Can’t prevent and anticipate, Integral lives human
•   French word desastre

    Des – bad

  Aster – star


  Disaster
• Disaster= bad star/bad luck
• Disaster

  Tragic events damage lives and properties
• Disaster risk


  Potential loss in lives and various assets (livelihood, health status)
• By having knowledge, you can have assessed and mapped disaster risk by:

  ·         Hazard

  ·         Exposure

  ·         Vulnerability
•  Be prevented and anticipated

  Human made hazard/disaster
• Cause severe damage (high severity)

  Seldom (mid-low frequency)

  Intensive risk
• -   Risk associated with high, mid, low severity frequency disasters

  -    Involve large no. of people in an area to extreme events

  Intensive risk
• -    Associated low severity (low damage)

  -    Always occur because its high frequency (always occur)

  Extensive risk
• -   Exposure of dispersed populations to various hazards of low-moderate

  Extensive risk
• Cause mortality and morbidity immediately

  Acute onset events

  Immediate results

  Earthquake, flood, fire, drowning, tornado, avalanche

  Typhoon: northwest pacific ocean

  
  

  Answer:

  Sudden impact or acute disasters
• Prolong secondary events/effects (infectious disease)

  Slow or gradual onset

  Famine, desertification, deforestation, pest infection

  Answer: Chronic onset/ slow disasters
• Potential source of harm

  Human injury, ill health damage, property damage, fire hazard

  Answer: Hazard  
• Cause severe death toll, natural phenomena cause damage

  Natural Hazard
• -          From technological (bombs)

  -          Industrial conditions (infrastructure)

  -          Infrastructure failures, specific human activities

  -          Technological hazards (nuclear), bombing, bioterrorism

  -          Manmade disaster

  Answer: Human induce hazards
• -          People, properties possible affected by hazards

  -          Can be measure by no. of people or types of assets in an area

  -          Magnitude exposure depend location and interaction

  Answer: exposure
• -          How people and the differences among them contribute to situation where they operate

  -          Comes in many types: social, psychological, physical

  -          Affect various group people differently

  -          Quality being exposed to the possibility of being attacked, emption ally, physically, social

  -          Prone to expose harm

  Answer: vulnerability
• Natural Hazard

  1.       Geophysical

  2.       Hydrological

  3.       Meteorological

  4.       Climatological

  5.       Biological

  6. Extraterrestrial
• connected with the study of the rocks and other substances that make up the earth and the physical processes happening on, in, and above the earth

   

  Example: Earthquake, geo-physically triggered mass movement, volcanic activity

  Geophysical
• bulk movements of soil and rock debris down slopes in response to the pull of gravity, or the rapid or gradual sinking of the Earth’s ground surface in a predominantly vertical direction.

  Mass Movement
• the branch of science concerned with the properties of the earth's water, and especially its movement in relation to land.

  Examples: Flood, wave action, hydrometeorological triggered mass movement

  Hydrological
• (Hydrological) Rockfall Bits of rock fall off the cliff face, usually due to freeze-thaw weathering
• • Saturated soil (soil filled with water) flows down a slope.)

  Mudflow
• a science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena and especially with weather and weather forecasting.

  Meteorology
• Meteorological


  Examples: Storms, extreme temperature
• are caused by long-lived, meso- to macro-scale atmospheric processes ranging from intra-seasonal to multidecadal climate variability.

  Examples: Drought, wildfire, glacial lake outburst

  Climatological
• are caused by the exposure to living organisms and their toxic substances or vector-borne diseases that they may carry.

  Biological
• an unexpected increase in the number of disease cases in a specific geographical area

  Example: yellow fever, measles, polio

  Epidemic
• outbreak of infectious disease that occurs over a wide geographical area and that is of high prevalence, generally affecting a significant proportion of the world’s population, usually over the course of several months.


  Pandemic
• affecting a local area

  endemic
• -          the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents.

  -          The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax.

  -          This mosquito originated in Africa, but is now found in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions throughout the world.

  Aedes aegypti
• Examples: Impact, space weather

  Extraterrestrial
• Plague of Galen- it was an ancient pandemic that broke out across the Roman Empire, through Asia, all Roman cities in Italy, and Greece. Eventually, it reached Spain, Egypt, and North Africa among other areas. At the height of the pandemic, it killed 2,000 people per day.

  Many believe that it was caused by smallpox and measles

  Antonine Plague (165 AD-180 AD)
• It was the deadly pandemic that swept through Europe and Asia among other continents and killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe.

  Aside from having fever and chills, those afflicted also had blood and pus seeping out of swellings all over the body.


  The Black Death (1347-1352)
• swept through continents killing three out of ten victims. Those who survived were left with deepscars which were even found in 3000-year-old mummies, showing that it ravaged ancient civilizations for thousands of years.

  But it was in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war that smallpox spread throughout the world. From Europe, it reached Asia through America causing 500,000 deaths worldwide.

  Small Pox Pandemic (1870-1874)
• The first of seven cholera pandemics emerged in India in 1817. According to the World Health Organization cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

  Three years after it spread throughout India it reached different countries in Asia. In 1821 it was brought by British troops traveling from India even to countries outside Asia

  Cholera (1871-1824)
• An estimated 1 million people died of the Russian flu.

  Russian Flu Of 1889 (1889-1890)
• considered the deadliest in history, infecting 1/3 of the world’s population and killing 20 to 50 million people worldwide.

  It came in three waves. The first wave was almost like the common flu and hit in the spring of 1918.

  The second wave that appeared in the fall of the same year was deadlier. It killed people within hours or a few days after the onset of symptoms.

  The third wave that came the following year was just as deadly and added more to the death toll.


  Spanish Flu (1918-1919)
• The 1968 flu pandemic was caused by the influenza H3N2 virus

  It killed an estimated one million people

  H3N2 Pandemic (1968)