perspective on disasters\

• Most people would look at disasters in the same

  perspective.

  As humans, the first thing we notice in the

  aftermath of a disaster is its effects on fellow

  humans.
• However, to evaluate the overall results of a

  disaster, disaster experts examine them from

  different points of view.
• Perspectives on Disasters

  Physical Perspective

  Psychological Perspective

  Sociocultural Perspective

  Economic Perspective

  Political Perspective

  Biological Perspective
• includes the visible or tangible materials, whether natural or man-made, which have been affected by a disaster.


  PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
• The altered or removed structures may change the landscape, zoning, and accessibility of an area.

  For example, cracks or fissures on main roads may require a detour or a

  new access road.

  PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Hence, changes in the frequency of movement of people and vehicles in the area may eventually affect zoning, or the value and use of the properties within the vicinity.


  PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Effects of Physical Disasters

  Injuries

  Physical disabilities or illness

  Sanitation

  Damage in infrastructure
• refers to the people's emotional, cognitive, or

  interpersonal reaction to difficulties.

  PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Causes: Catastrophic events

  Possible effects: shock, terror, anxiety, disbelief,

  nightmares, trauma, social withdrawal or alienation, or

  depression to victims.

  PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Psychological effects of a Disaster:

  distress hopelessness

  intrusion/avoidance emotional effects

  hatred/revenge cognitive Effects

  dependence/insecurities physical Effects

  grief/withdrawn/isolation interpersonal effect

  guilt feeling helplessness

  lack of trust
• Centers on the response of the people, whether victims or not, to emergency

  situations and to the kind of assistance they receive.

  The characteristics of affected families such as their religions, customs, attitudes,

  beliefs, and values can influence their approach to or their recovery from the

  disaster.

  SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
• Another important aspect of this perspective is the degree of cooperation among the community members.


  SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
• In socio cultural perspective,

  The term bayanihan refers to the spirit of unity inherent in Filipinos to help each other especially in times of crisis. Even Filipinos residing

  abroad show sympathy and support by participating in relief initiatives.
• Socio-Cultural Effect of Disasters

  ➢ change in individual roles

  ➢ disruption of social relationships and

  personal connections
• Focuses on the disruption of economic activities in the community. Disaster, whether small- or large-scale, brings about serious economic consequences.


  ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
• Disaster loss is usually assessed in terms of injuries and death, destruction of fixed assets and infrastructure, and disruption in the flow of goods and services that can obviously affect economic

  factors such as gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates, indebtedness levels, and fiscal deficits.

  ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
• Economic Effects of Disasters

  loss of life

  unemployment

  loss of property loss of household articles

  loss of crops

  loss of public infrastructure
• Deals with how government services are used to reduce loss or damage by preparing for and preventing disasters.


  POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
• This perspective is critical because in some cases, there exists inequities in societies that create political

  prejudice in developing plans and policies related to

  disaster risk reduction and recovery plans.

  POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Political Effects of a Disaster

  People who have trust in political institution will assess the government’s risk assessments as credible and accept their hazard policies

  Low level of trust in public institutions therefore means that citizens may ignore the recommendations and disregard the information provided by these institutions

  If individuals are confident that they will receive sufficient aid from the government when a disaster occurs, they might not be motivated to take measures

  on their own
• takes into consideration the potential for

  infectious or communicable diseases after a disaster takes place. In the aftermath of a disaster, humans and animals that have been injured become

  susceptible to infections.

  biological perspective