Synaptic Plasticity ability of Synaptic connections to change over time in response to activity or experience
Synaptic Plasticity results from the Long Term Potentiation (LTP) and Long Term Depression (LTD), which can both modify neuron connections through sprouting, rerouting and pruning
LTP and LTD are the fundamentals of learning and memory formation
Sprouting - ability of dendrites or axons to develop new extensions or branches
Rerouting - ability of a neuron that is connected to a damaged neuron to create an alternative synaptic connection with an undamaged neuron
Pruning - elimination of synaptic connections that are not adequately activated
Pruning is a response to aging and maturation; developmental plasticity. It allows the brain to form stronger and more essential synaptic connections. It is part of LTD
Sprouting and Rerouting are changes in response to brain trauma or injury; adaptive plasticity. Sprouting enables new synaptic connections to form, and Rerouting replaces ineffective synaptic connections with effective ones
Functional Neuronal Changes are via the formation, strengthening and weakening of synaptic connections
Physical Neural Changes are via Sprouting, Rerouting and Pruning of synaptic connections and pathways
