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• Hess’s Law of constant heat of summation was developed by Russian chemist Germain Hess
• This means that the enthalpy change of a reaction can be calculated by summing the enthalpy changes of the individual steps involved in the reaction, regardless of the intermediate steps
• Hess's law is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics in which the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction is independent of the pathway taken to achieve it
• As a student, what are you going to do in order to reduce carbon footprint?
• What is Hess’s law?
• Heat of Reaction

  The total heat absorbed or liberated in a chemical reaction
• State Hess’s law
• Chemical reactions work much the same way (like in the maze), that is if our reactant serves as the start of our pathway and our product serves as our end result of the pathway
• What will be the effect in the atmosphere if too much combustion of fuel will occur?
• To add the individual ΔH values of the steps for an overall reaction, each step reaction can be manipulated by reversing it and/or maybe treated by algebraic expressions. Therefore, they may be added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided by a factor
• The enthalpy change of the combustion of fossil fuels is an important factor in the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere
• State Function

  A property that describes a particular state, without depending on the path taken to reach this state
• A property that describes a particular state, without depending on the path taken to reach this state
• Standard Heat of Formation


  It is a measure of the energy released or consumed when one mole of a substance is created under standard conditions from its pure elements
• What are other applications of Hess’s law in your daily life?