exam 3

• Warren G. Harding: wants to return to normalcy, pro-business, dies unexpectedly, Teapot Dome scandal'
• Calvin Coolidge: '“Silent Cal,” believed presidency should be more passive; Congress should lead (like Gilded Age), helps big business'
• Herbert Hoover: 'previously led Food Administration in WW1, like Harding + Coolidge; laissez faire approach, believed in rugged individualism, president when “Black Thursday” happens'
• Teapot Dome Scandal – Harding's secretary illegally leased federal oil reserves
• Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1928 international agreement on peace, outlawed war
• Prohibition - 18th amendment, outlawed the consumption of alcohol
• Marcus Garvey - Created the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), promoting black-owned businesses to sell to black consumers, founded Black Star steamship line
• Flapper – wears short skirts, has bobbed hair, smokes, drinks and goes out dancing
• New Woman - new representation of femininity, modern and asserts more social equality with men
• KKK – moves beyond the South and targets minority religions and races
• Scopes Trial - the first highly publicized trial concerning the teaching of evolution
• 1921 Emergency Quota Act & 1924 National Origins Act - set yearly immigration restrictions for each nationality, limited annual immigration to 150,000 people. Quotas set for 2% of each nationality in the US in 1890 **discriminates against eastern and southern European immigrants
• Harlem Renaissance - explosion of art, music, literature from African American artists; mostly middle-class, educated, and proud of their African heritage
• New Negro - renewed sense of racial pride, cultural self-expression, economic independence, progressive politics
• Jazz - Comes out of the African American experience in the south (cities like New Orleans), but will move north and west *Remember Great Migration happening*
• Speakeasy - an illicit establishment that sold alcoholic beverages
• Black Thursday

  Oct. 24, 1929
• Franklin D. Roosevelt: 'Democrat, “new deal for the American people,” expands the role of federal government'
• Hoovervilles are shanty towns that the homeless lived in
• Dust Bowl was a period of dust storms
• Hawley Smoot Tariff raised already high tariff rates (exacerbates the problem)
• Bonus Army demanded early payment of a bonus Congress had promised them for their service in World War I
• New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations passed by Roosevelt to help recover from the depression
• Emergency Banking Relief Bill instills confidence in banking system again
• Fireside Chats were a series of evening radio addresses given by Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) ensures personal bank deposits up to $5,000
• 21st Amendment ends prohibition, now federal government can make money from taxing alcohol sales
• Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) provides useful jobs for young men with little educational/vocational background
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) provides federal grants to states for: construction projects, education programs, part-time work for college students, direct relief for those unable to work, and more
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) implements a new system of crop controls, subsidies for farmers who agreed to limit production
• National Industry Recovery Act (NIRA) involves business leaders coming together to draft codes of fair competition, set prices and wages; guaranteed workers' right to collectively organize and bargain
• Huey Long elected to the Senate, gained a national following with his “share-our-wealth” plan and his “Every Man a King” philosophy
• Works Progress Administration (WPA) provides jobs for the unemployed and improves the nation’s infrastructure; also employed artists, musicians, and writers
• Social Security Act (SSA) creates a federal pension (retirement fund) system
• Indian Reorganization Act aims at decreasing federal control of American Indian affairs and increasing Indian self-government and responsibility
• Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement
• Benito Mussolini forms the first fascist state in 1922 in Italy
• Adolf Hitler becomes a strong leader in Germany, begins gaining multiple countries
• Sino Japanese War begins in 1937, one of the most destructive conflicts of World War II
• Munich Agreement is an appeasement policy towards Hitler