LECTURE 2

• The idea of science revolution claimed to have started in the early 16th century up to the 18th century in Europe
• Scientific Revolution was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature
• Influences to Scientific Revolution

  • Scientific ideas
  • Humans
  • Society
• The term "Intellectual Revolution" is used to refer to Greek speculation about "nature" in the period before Socrates (roughly 600 to 400 BCE)
• Intellectual Revolutions

  1. Copernican Revolution (Nicolaus Copernicus)

  2. Darwinian Revolution (Charles Darwin)
• The Copernican Revolution caused the paradigm shift of how the earth and sun were placed in the heavens/universe. It rejected the Ptolemaic model and proved the heliocentric model
• Nicolaus Copernicus introduced heliocentrism, suggesting that the center of the Solar system was the sun, not the Earth
• Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of evolution, changing our concept of the world's creation and evolution
• The Darwinian Revolution started when Charles Darwin published his book "The Origin of Species" in 1859, emphasizing that humans are the result of evolution
• Charles Darwin's book emphasizes that humans are the result of evolution
• Charles Darwin is centrally important in the development of scientific and humanistic ideas because he first made people aware of their place in the evolutionary process
• Charles Darwin's importance


  He made people aware of their place in the evolutionary process
• The Freudian revolution started to revolutionize Psychiatry with Sigmund Freud
• Freudian Theory of Personality


  Involves human development that contributes to personality and psychoanalysis, the process for achieving proper functioning if a human does not complete his/her developmental stage
• The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious