Section six

• What is social facilitation

  Positive influence of the presence of other people
• What is social inhibition 


  Impairment of performance in the presence of others
• What are the 4 types of audience 


  Audience

  co actors

  competitive co actors

  social reinforcers
• What is the evidence for audience effects

  Triplett found that children wound fishing reels faster in the presence of other children. Cyclists rode faster in teams
• What is Zajoncs drive theory

  As arousal increases so too does the likelihood of the dominant response
• What is the evidence for zajoncs theory

  Marten and landers looked at males aged 8-13 . The participants completed horizontal leg extensions alone, in pairs and in groups of four.

  people in groups of 4 tend to lift more and perform better
• What is the home advantage theory 


  The effects of the home crowd on a team. noise and supportiveness is often more in home games
• Evidence for home advantage

  Schwartz analysed lots of data from American sports. He found the home team won over 50% of games especially in college sports.

  college basket ball won over 80% if playing at home.
• What is home disadvantage

  Teams under high pressure can perform worse when at home. expectations of fans can be too much. Gould suggested high pressure games shouldn’t be played at home
• What is the key research 


  Zajonc study into performance of cockroaches
• What was the aim of study number one 


  To test the drive theory of social facilitation
• What was the sample of study one

  72 adult female cockroaches.

  kept on their own in a jar in the dark at a temp of 75degrees F
• What was the method of study one

  Lab experiment

  IV - performed with no audience or an audience

  had to cross maze or straight runway

  DV - time taken
• Procedure of zajonc experiment one 


  Cockroaches fear light so when the light was turned on their dominant response was to run. 36 were alone and 36 worked with a partner. Given 10 consecutive trials
• Findings of study one zajonc

  Cockroaches in the pairs condition took longer to reach the goal than those alone in the maze condition.

  cockroaches running alone reached the goal faster in the runway condition
• Apparatus of zajoncs study

  20x20x20 inch clear glass cube

  150 watt floodlight was used

  runway was a 20inch straight track

  maze had an intersection.
• What are the two applications

  Mental imagery and rehearsal

  selective attention training
• What are the 5 main categories of imagery for mental imagery

  Winning the event

  coping with difficult situations

  reflect on feelings of stress or relaxation

  specific skills

  strategy and tactics
• What is useful for mental imagery

  Writing a script

  performer being more relaxed

  visualise vivid colours
• What is selective attention training 


  Softing the stimuli presented so that only relevant information is processed . Learning to ignore things like the crowd by practicing in loud environments.