MICROPARA

• Asepsis


  The state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms. The term often refers to those practices used to promote or induce asepsis in an operative field of surgery or medicine to prevent infection. The goal of asepsis is to eliminate infection, not to achieve sterility.
• Aseptic technique


  Using practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens
• Antisepsis


  The practice of using antiseptics to eliminate the microorganisms that cause disease
• Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis


  • Hungarian physician and scientist, now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures
  • Described as the "saviour of mothers"
• Joseph Bloodgood


  • Halsted's protege who came to Hopkins in 1892, was later the director of surgical pathology and started using gloves himself during surgery in 1893
• Gustav Adolf Neuber


  • Frequently overlooked as the inventor of asepsis
  • In 1884 he founded a clinic which used the principles of asepsis to treat each patient
  • Implemented strict rules and regulations that his apprentices were obligated to follow to ensure the cleanliness of the rooms and instruments
• Bergman E. and Shimelbus K.


  • Constructed an apparatus for sterilization of surgical material
  • Constructed a sterilizing machine for boiling the instruments
  • Created metallic drums for sterilization of clothes and dressing
  • Perfected an autoclave
• Henry Jacques Garrigues


  • Danish-born American doctor considered to have introduced antiseptic obstetrics to the United States
• Infection


  Invasion and growth of pathogens in the body
• Disease


  Abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally
• Infectious Disease


  A disease condition caused by the presence or growth of infectious microorganisms or parasites
• Pathogenicity


  The ability of a microbe to cause disease
• Virulence


  The degree of pathogenicity in a microorganism
• Bacteremia


  Presence of infectious bacteria
• Viremia


  Presence of infectious virus
• Fungemia


  Presence of infectious fungus
• Septicemia


  Presence of an infectious agent in the bloodstream
• Pharyngitis


  Inflammation of the pharynx
• Endocarditis


  Inflammation of the heart chambers
• Gastroenteritis


  Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract
• Epidemiology


  The study of the transmission of disease
• Communicable Disease


  A disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another
• Contagious Disease


  A communicable disease that is easily spread from one individual to another
• Non communicable Disease


  A disease that is not transmitted from one individual to another
• Endemic Disease


  A disease condition that is normally found in a certain percentage of a population
• Epidemic Disease


  A disease condition present in a greater than usual percentage of a specific population
• Pandemic Disease


  An epidemic affecting a large geographical area; often on a global scale
• Reservoir of Infection


  The source of an infectious agent
• Carrier


  An individual who carries an infectious agent without manifesting symptoms, yet who can transmit the agent to another individual
• Fomites


  Any inanimate object capable of being an intermediate in the indirect transmission of an infectious agent
• Resident flora


  Normal microbiota (acquired at passage through birth canal)
• Transient Microbiota


  Certain microbes are present for various periods (days, weeks, or months) - then disappears
• Probiotics


  Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
• Symbiosis


  Co-existance relationships between bacteria and host
• Mutualism


  Microbe and host benefit from co-existence, neither suffers
• Commensalism


  Microbe benefits but host doesn't (is unaffected)
• Parasitism


  Microbe benefits, host suffers
• Opportunistic pathogens


  Cause disease under special conditions (mutualistic relationship becomes parasitic)
• Koch's Postulates


  Proof of Etiology of Infectious Diseases
• The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease