Microorganisms Pathogenic to Man

• Pathogenic bacteria


  Bacteria that can cause disease
• Susceptibility


  The extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure
• Pathogen or infectious agent


  A biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host
• Pathology


  Study of disease
• Etiology


  Cause of disease; often microbial
• Flu


  • Influenza virus
• Tb


  • M. tuberculosis
• Pathogenesis


  Development of disease in the host
• Norwalk virus


  • Fecal – oral, diarrhea
• Disease


  Altered state of health, host body is changed, upset of homeostasis
• Epidemiology


  Science of the study of how diseases are acquired and spread in a population
• Infectious disease


  A disease caused by an organism or virus that enters and multiplies within the human body
• Toxins


  A poison given off by some bacteria that can injure cells
• Virus


  The smallest type of pathogen
• Bacteria


  Simple, single-celled microorganisms
• Microorganisms


  An organism that is so small it can only be seen through a microscope
• Immunogenicity


  The ability to induce an immune response in the host
• Infectivity


  The ability to infect a host
• Virulence


  The ability of an agent of infection to produce disease
• Host


  An animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives
• Diagnosis


  The art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms
• Mode of transmission


  The route or method of transfer by which the infectious microorganism moves or is carried from one place to another to reach the new host
• Modes of transmission


  • Contact (direct and/or indirect)
  • Droplet
  • Airborne
  • Vector
  • Common Vehicle
• Disease of Silkworms Loius Pasteur accepted a task to investigate a disease of the silkworm that was ravaging France's silk industry


  1865
• Giardia lamblia discovered


  1681-1975
• Giardiasis is a disease caused by infection with the protozoan Giardia lamblia. Infection with Giardia can produce diarrhea, gas, and abdominal pain in some people
• Giardia lamblia was first discovered by Leeuwenhoek who found the parasite in his own {diarrheal} stools


  1681
• Louis Pasteur conducted formal experiments on the relationship between germ and disease


  1860-1864
• Louis Pasteur discovered the pathology of the puerperal fever and the pyogenic vibrio in the blood, and suggested using boric acid to kill these microorganisms before and after confinement
• Carlos Finlay Identifies a Suspect

  08/14/1881
• Carlos Finlay (1833-1915) presented the paper "The Mosquito Hypothetically Considered as the Transmitting Agent of Yellow Fever"—the first to correctly identify mosquitoes as the ultimate source of the disease
• Bacterium Identified


  1883
• Edwin Klebs (1834-1913), a Swiss-German pathologist, identified and described the bacterium that causes diphtheria. It was known at first as the Klebs-Loeffler bacterium
• Friedrich Loeffler (1852-1915), a German bacteriologist, was the first to cultivate Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Loeffler used a set of rules we now know as Koch's postulates to confirm that Corynebacterium diphtheriae was the agent that caused diphtheria
• Helicobacter pylori discovered


  1892-1982
• Infection with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the cause of most stomach ulcers. The discovery is generally credited to Australian gastroenterologists Dr. Barry Marshall and Dr. J Robin Warren, who published their findings in 1983
• Dr. Barry James Marshall received Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine
• Poliovirus Identified


  1908
• In Vienna, Karl Landsteiner, MD (1868-1943), and Erwin Popper, MD (1879-1955), announced that the infectious agent in polio was a virus
• Thomas Peebles Isolates the Measles Virus


  1954