exam 3

• Piaget's stages

  sensorimotor

  preoperational

  concrete operations

  formal operations
• sensorimotor age

  0-24 months
• preoperational age

  2-7 years
• concrete operational ages

  7-11 years
• formal operations years


  11 and up
• scheme or schema 


  group of similar items or skills/ concepts
• organization


  combining schemes into new, more complex ones
• adaption


  adjusting to environment

  through equilibrium and disequilibrium
• assimilation


  bringing new objects or information into existing scheme; interprets new experience in terms of existing framework
• accommodation


  modifies schema or creates new one to fit information
• cognitive conflict/ cognitive disequilibrium 


  new information doesn't fit in schema
• equilibration


  moving back and forth between disequilibrium and equilibrium
• cognitive equilibrium 


  can comfortably respond to new information with existing cognitive framework
• sensorimotor period substages

  1. reflective
  2. primary circular reactions
  3. secondary circular reactions
  4. coordination of secondary circular reactions
  5. tertiary circular reactions
  6. beginning of thought
• reflective substage

  0-1 month

  sucking, rooting, grasping, moro, babinski
• primary circular reactions substage

  1-4 months

  repeating interesting/ rewarding actions centered on body

  thumb sucking, kicking
• secondary circular reactions substage

  4-8 months

  direct activities outside themselves

  repetition on interesting objects in environment

  shaking rattle
• coordination of secondary circular reactions substage

  8-12 months

  More complex acts, combing acts to 'solve problems'

  putting on thing down to be able to grab another
• tertiary circular reactions substage

  12-18 months

  interest in novelty

  repetition with variation

  new ways to solve problems and get new outcomes
• beginning of thought substage

  18-24 months

  uses symbols to represent things

  object permanence
• what ends the sensorimotor phases

  object permanence
• did piaget over or underestimate young children

  underestimate
• did piaget over or underestimate adults

  over estimate
• how does the book describe piagets contribution to the study of childrens cognitive developement

  compared to shakespeare to english, aristole to philosophy

  hes a GIANT in this field
• what is object permanence

  the awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived

  objects have a PERMANENT existence
• out of sight out of mind

  0-8 months

  will not search
• a-not-b error

  8-17 months

  searches last successful place
• true object permanence

  18-24 months

  can think about object even when it is not present

  it continue to exist
• symbolic capacity


  represents things with words and images
• animism/ anthropomorphism

  attributing life/ consciousness to objects
• egocentrism

  cannot take others point of view
• contributions to LACK of conservation

  centration

  static thought

  irreversible thinking
• preoperational type of thinking 


  intuitive

  basic classification
• concrete type of thinking

  conservation

  concrete logic
• formal operations type of thinking

  abstract logic
• centration


  focus on only one dimension at a time
• static thinking


  cannot mentally transform something from one stage to another
• irreversible thought

  cannot mentally undo or reverse an action
• intuitive thought 


  based on experience, not logic
• conservation


  the fundamental properties of an object do not change just because their is a superficial change in appearance