Types of Volcanoes and Its Parts

• Explosive eruptions are characterized by violent fragmentation of magma, leading to the ejection of ash, rocks, and volcanic gases into the atmosphere.
• Phreatomagmatic eruptions occur when water comes into contact with magma, causing explosive interactions that produce ash, steam, and volcanic rocks.
• Volcanic eruptions can be explosive or effusive depending on the viscosity of the magma.
• Pyroclastic flows are fast-moving currents of hot gas and rock fragments generated during an eruption.
• Shield volcanoes have gentle slopes and are built up over time through repeated eruptions.
• Cinder cones are small volcanoes formed from cinders and other pyroclastic material.
• Cinder cone volcano


  Simplest type of volcano, built from particles and blobs of solidified lava ejected from a single vent, most abundant of the three major volcano types, have a steep slope and wide crater
• Cinder cone volcano


  • Taal Volcano in Batangas
• Composite volcano


  Large, typically steep-sided, symmetrical cones of large dimension, have a conduit system from which magma rises to the surface, formed from viscous lava that does not flow easily
• Composite volcano


  • Mayon Volcano in Albay
• Shield volcano


  Built almost entirely of fluid lava flow thus these volcanoes are not steep, the lava is not accompanied by pyroclastic materials, making them relatively safe
• Shield volcano


  • Mauna Loa
• Active volcano


  Volcanoes that have had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years, showing regular activity like emission of gases, lava and ash flows
• Inactive volcano


  Volcanoes that have not erupted for the last 10,000 years and are not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future, no signs of volcanic activity for a long period of time because magma supply is cut off
• Potentially active volcano


  Volcanoes that have no records of volcanic activity but are morphologically young-looking
• Phreatic or Hydrothermal eruption

  Steam-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water, short lived, characterized by ash columns but may be a beginning of a larger eruption
• Phreatomagmatic eruption


  Violent eruption due to contact between water and magma, results in a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic materials
• Strombolian eruption


  Weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava
• Vulcanian eruption


  Characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20km high with pyroclastic flow and ash fall tephra
• Plinian eruption


  Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials
• Ash fall


  Pulverized rocks, sand, gritty, and harsh glasses shoot out in the air by volcano
• Mud flow


  Mixture of water, molten rocks and debris flowing down from the side of volcano to the ground
• Lava flow


  Streams of molten rocks and other fragmented materials emitted by erupting volcano
• Pyroclastic flow


  Fast moving hot mixtures of gas, ash, and molten rocks moving away from the volcano to the ground
• Composite (stratovolcano) volcanoes are tall and steep-sided, composed of alternating layers of hardened lava and pyroclastic material.