MAPEH

• India is the largest country in South Asia where music is as vast as its geographic location. The music of India reflects different aspects of South Asian culture exhibited through musical performances utilizing distinctive musical elements.
• Traditional Music of India

  • Carnatic Music
  • Hindustani Music
• Carnatic Music


  Music of Southern India, directed to a Hindu god, which is why it is called "temple music", in contrast to northern styles it is more thoroughly oriented to the voice
• Hindustani Music


  Music of Northern India, goes back to Vedic period around 1000 BC, Rigveda is considered to be the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text that exhibits the ancient Indian collection of hymns
• Terms used in Indian music


  • Raga - combination of musical notes
  • Shruti - smallest interval of sound
  • Tala - a metric cycle with a specific number of beats that recur in the same pattern
  • Laya - tempo
  • Melismatic - a group of notes sung to one syllable of text
• Pakistan is known for its unique vocals. The distinctive Pakistani sound was formed with multiple influences not only from various parts of South Asia but also from diverse elements of other countries in Central Asia and the Middle East.
• Traditional Music of Pakistan


  • Ghazal
  • Qawwali
• Ghazal


  An essential ingredient of worship as practiced by Sufis, used for the design, creation, and cultivation of techniques that provoke emotion
• Qawwali


  Refers to a way of rendering or Singing Sufi verses, a vibrant musical tradition that stretches back more than 700 years
• In general, the music of the Middle East is modal. Harmony is not emphasized but rather includes salient features such as melodic complexity and ornamentation, and rigorous rhythmic development.
• Middle East music is commonly used during


  • Communal worship in mosques, synagogues and churches
  • Mystic rituals like Sufi
  • Life passage events
  • Entertainment like belly dancing, folk dancing
• Vocal Music of Israel


  • Devotional - featured during Sabbath and other holy days, Hazzan is a musician who helps lead the congregation in a songful prayer, "Yom Kippur" is a special call to prayer and repentance sounded on the High Holidays (Jewish New Year and Day of Atonement)
  • Secular - context lies outside the religious domain, played during life passage events, very rhythmic and have popular and romantic texts
• The Dancing Girl od Mohenjo Daro


  Described as "the most captivating piece of art from an Indus site" by Gregory Possehl, discovered by Ernest MacKay
• The Hindu God Shiva


  Depicted as the lord of dance/ "the destroyer"
• Diya


  An oil lamp made of clay with a cotton wick dipped in vegetable oils or in ghee, often used in the Indian subcontinent during religious festivals especially on Diwali celebrations, represents enlightenment, knowledge or wisdom, lighting the wick symbolizes the end of darkness and ignorance, a fresh way forward
• Rangoli


  An art form using materials such as colored rice, dry flour, colored sand, or flower petals to create unique patterns on the floor or ground, the purpose is to make people who see it feel strength, generosity and luck, symbolizes beauty, hope and tradition, meant to ward off evil and is revered as a divine art
• Truck arts, also known as 'Jingle Trucks'


  Decorated the streets with its colorful and lavish exteriors, Pakistani drivers would spend more than a year of salary's worth just to modify their trucks because a better truck would mean better business, it has become a competition for truck drivers to make their trucks look better among others
• Yurt


  A unique settlement for the nomads of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz people, no longer served its initial purpose, has become a form of ornamentation in public buildings, decorated with unique wall hangings made by Kazakh women with a talent in embroidery, the patterns contain symbols that represent strength and protection, the most common ones include the four powerful beasts (lion, tiger, garuda and dragon) and the five elements (fire, water, earth, metal and wood), it also uses repeating geometric patterns, with the continuous hammer or walking pattern as the most famed, represents unending strength and continuous movement, a symbol of family and traditional hospitality
• Skill-related fitness components


  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Power
  • Reaction time
  • Speed
• Agility


  The ability to move in different directions quickly using a combination of balance, coordination, speed, strength, and endurance, Hexagon Agility Test is a simple test of agility
• Balance


  The ability of the body to maintain stability in static or when moving while resisting the force of gravity, Stork Balance Stand Test requires the person to stand on one leg for as long as possible to assess whole body balance ability
• Coordination


  A skill-related component of physical fitness that relates to one's ability to use the senses, such as sight or hearing, together with other body parts in performing motor tasks smoothly and accurately, Juggling is a physical skill, performed by a juggler, involving the manipulation of objects for recreation, entertainment, art or sport
• Power


  The ability of the muscle to transfer energy and release maximum force at a fast rate, Standing Long Jump is widely applied to assess lower body strength
• Reaction time


  The ability to react and make decisions quickly, Stick Drop Test uses the known properties of gravity to determine how long it takes a person to respond to the dropping of an object by measuring how far the object can falls before being caught
• Speed


  The ability to perform successive movements of the same pattern in the shortest period of time, 40-meter Sprint involves running a single maximum sprint over a set distance, with time recorded
• SMART Goals


  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Attainable
  • Relevant
  • Time-bounded
• Baseball/softball is a team sport being played by two opposing teams who take turns in batting and fielding.
• Skills to be Developed in Baseball/Softball


  • Pitching
  • Batting
  • Catching
  • Throwing
  • Base running
• If the catcher of the defensive team caught the batted ball before the batter reached the 1st base, the batter/runner will be out from the game.
• During the game, the batter already committed 2 strikes. When the third batted ball went outside the foul line, the batter shall be given another chance to bat.
• If the pitcher intentionally hit the batter, a free walk/run shall be given.
• Stages of Infection


  • Incubation
  • Prodromal stage
  • Illness stage
  • Convalescence stage
• Incubation


  The period starting from the entry of the pathogen until the appearance of the first sign
• Prodromal stage


  It starts from the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue
• Illness stage


  Begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear
• Convalescence stage


  The interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear, the length of recovery depends on the severity of the infection and the sick person's general state of health, recovery may take several days to months
• Morbidity


  A condition of being ill, diseased, or unhealthy, can include acute illnesses, as well as chronic illnesses, the morbidity rate examines how many people got a certain disease in a specific geographical location during a specific period
• Mortality


  The condition of being dead, the mortality rate examines the number of deaths in a population over time, either in general or due to a specific cause
• A disease that spread from one person to another is called communicable disease. It is a disease that is caused or pathogens. Pathogens can be viruses, bacteria, fungi, helminths, to name a few. It is a disease that can be transmitted.
• If the causative agent is a virus, antibiotic treatment is not needed. If the causaive agent is bacteria, antibiotic treatment is needed.