muscles

• Three main types of muscle in the body

  • Cardiac
  • Voluntary
  • Involuntary
• Cardiac muscle


  Located in the heart, provides pumping action
• Involuntary muscle

  Located in blood vessels and digestive system, helps control blood flow and aids digestion
• Voluntary muscle


  Attached to bones via tendons, responsible for skeletal movements
• Agonist muscle


  The muscle primarily responsible for movement - contracting to pull on the bone
• Antagonist muscle

  The muscle relaxing to allow the movement to occur
• Deltoid muscle


  Located in the shoulder
• Biceps muscle


  Located in the upper arm, front side
• Triceps muscle


  Located in the upper arm, back side
• Pectoralis major muscle


  Located in the chest
• Latissimus dorsi muscle


  Located in the upper back
• External obliques muscle


  Located in the flanks, side of torso
• Gluteus maximus muscle


  Located in the bum cheek
• Hip flexor muscle


  Located in the front of the hip
• Quadriceps muscle


  Located in the upper leg, thigh, front
• Hamstrings muscle


  Located in the upper leg, rear of leg
• Gastrocnemius muscle

  Located in the lower leg, calf
• Tibialis anterior muscle

  Located in the lower leg, shin
• Type I muscle fibres

  • Work aerobically, high resistance to fatigue, low force contraction
• Sporting example of type I muscle fibres

  • 10,000m, marathon
• Type IIa muscle fibres

  • Work anaerobically, high speed/force contraction, speed endurance
• Sporting example of type IIa muscle fibres

  • 800m
• Type IIx muscle fibres


  • Work anaerobically, very high speed and force of contraction, low resistance to fatigue
• Sporting example of type IIx muscle fibres

  • 100m
• Flexion of the elbow

  Agonist - biceps, Antagonist - triceps
• Extension of the elbow

  Agonist - triceps, Antagonist - biceps
• Flexion of the knee

  Agonist - hamstrings, Antagonist - quadriceps
• Extension of the knee

  Agonist - quadriceps, Antagonist - hamstrings
• Flexion of the hip

  Agonist - hip flexor, Antagonist - gluteus maximus
• Extension of the hip

  Agonist - gluteus maximus, Antagonist - hip flexor
• Plantar-flexion of the ankle

  Agonist - gastrocnemius, Antagonist - tibialis anterior
• Dorsi-flexion of the ankle

  Agonist - tibialis anterior, Antagonist - gastrocnemius
• Agonist muscle for abduction of the shoulder


  Deltoid