U1 : Nutrition

• Macronutrients 


  Nutrients needed by the body in relatively large amounts (carbs, proteins, fats)
• Carbohydrates 


  Provides energy once broken down into glucose (rice, pasta, bread)
• Fibre 


  A form of carbohydrate, that assists with digestion and the removal of wastes. Makes us feel full, assisting with weight management (wholegrain breads, cereals, fruit & veggie with skin)
• Protein


  Macronutrient made from amino acids that is necessary for the growth, maintenance and repair of body tissue. Transports substances throughout the body, carries cholesterol (meat, egg, cheese)
• Fats (lipids)


  Build, maintain and repair body cells, and to act as a fuel for producing energy. 
• Polyunsaturated Fats 


  Can prevent some cancers and CVD, assists with increasing HDL (good cholesterol) (omega 3: fish, tuna, salmon & omega 6: nuts, seeds, corn)
• Monounsaturated Fats


  Assists with lowering LDL (bad cholesterol) (olive oil, canola oil, nuts)
• Saturated Fats


  Increase cholesterol levels in the blood and contribute to CVD in the long term. (meat, full cream, fried food)
• Trans Fats


  Increase cholesterol levels in the blood and contribute to CVD in the long term. (processed foods, pies, cakes, pastries)
• Micronutrients 


  Nutrients needed by the body in small amounts
• Water


  All chemical reactions throughout the body NEED water. Transports water to the cells, filters out wastes and lubricates food as it moves through the gastrointestinal tract.
• Vitamin A


  Needed to maintain normal vision, growth of soft tissues (skin & bone) formation. Develops antibodies to assist with fighting infections. (butter, cheese, eggs)
• Vitamin D


  Required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine into the blood stream. Lack of vitamin D can lead to weakened bones and teeth (osteoporosis) (tuna, salmon, egg yolks)
• Vitamin C


  Assists in collagen development which assists w/formation of bones, skin, scar and connective tissue. Deficiency could lead to anemia (broccoli, blackcurrants, citrus fruits)
• Vitamin B12


  Needed for RBC (red blood cell) formation along w/folate. Important for the functioning of the immune, brain and nervous system. Deficiency could lead to dementia, memory loss, depression, tiredness, heart palpitations. (meat, eggs, cheese)
• Vitamin B9 (folate)


  Works with B12, and is needed for normal cell division and cell metabolism. Reduces the risk of pregnant women giving birth to low weight babies w/neural tube defects (spina bifida). Lack of folate can lead to anemia. (citrus fruits, poultry, green leafy veggies)
• Calcium 


  Hardening agent for teeth, bones and cartilage. Aids in muscle contraction, serotonin of hormones and functioning of the NS. If peak bone mass is not achieved, osteoporosis risk increases. (dairy products)
• Iron


  Essential part of haemoglobin, which aids in the transportation of oxygen around the body. Lack of iron leads to impaired functioning and deficiency could lead to anemia. (poultry)
• Short Term Consequences


  weight gain/energy levels decrease/dehydration (WED)
• High GI Foods (weight gain)


  Overeating high GI foods, leads to quick bursts of energy, however, blood glucose levels decrease quickly, leading to feeling hungry quicker and the potential outcome of overeating further.
• Energy Levels


  Lack of B group vitamins/carbs on a regular basis could lead to low energy levels which could reduces socialising with peers, impacts physical fitness and reduces concentration levels.
• Dehydration 


  Lack of water could impact the optimal functioning of the body's systems. Symptoms of dehydration include thirst, dry mouth and headaches.
• Long Term Consequences 


  adult obesity/CVD/diabetes/colorectal cancer/osteoporosis
• Fibre

  Assists with digestion and makes us feel full. Insoluble fibre decreases risk of constipation and soluble fibre decrease blood cholesterol levels. (wholegrain breads, fruits and vegetables with skin)
• Immersive Marketing 


  Involves seamlessly integrating advertising into a complete experience for the consumer. Aims to create a relationship w/consumer through experience. Will increase sales as consumer is likely to return to purchase again.
• Infiltration of Social Media & Collection of Personal Data 


  Areas where you are required to enter your personal details. Information collected allows companies to build a 'profile' for you in order to target advertisements.
• Location Based Marketing 


  GPS location on devices is used to offer deals/ads within your area to "take advantage of the impulsive natures of youth". Involves offline and online tactics designed to help businesses and implement marketing activities based on consumer.
• Social Media Influences


  Social media influencers attract large numbers of followers since people turn to them as a 'trusted source' of information.
• Celebrity Endorsement 


  Celebrity endorsement in marketing enhances brand recognition and desirability of a product due to a positive association made between the celebrity and product. Most commonly advertised food products are sugary foods.
• Product Placement 


  Used by food and drink companies to subtly promote their products through appearances in TV, film or other media. Is a beneficial way to promote a product w/o interrupting the viewer, the way traditional advertisement does.