SIGNS OF PREGNANCY

• 1. PRESUMPTIVE SIGNS – only mother can feel ( subjective ) - P Period absent (Amenorrhea) - R Really tired (fatigue) - E Enlarged breast ( 4months – colostrum ) - S Sore Breast (breast changes) - S Skin changes, (melasma/ chloasma, striae gravidarum, linea negra) - U Urination - M Movement perceived (Quickening) 20th weeks - E Emesis (Nausea and vomiting) 6-12 weeks ( normal ) - D Discharge increases (Leukorrhea) high amount of estrogen
• Positive pregnancy test


  Done at 42 days after LMP or 2 weeks after missed period, first urine voided in the morning
• False positive pregnancy test

  • Proteinuria
  • Hematuria
  • Early days after delivery or abortion
  • HCG secreting tumors usually of GIT
  • HCG injection for infertility treatment within the previous 30 days
• C. POSITIVE - F Fetal movement felt by the doctor/nurse / midwife - E Electronic device detect “heart tones” - T The delivery of the baby - U Ultrasound detects baby (TV) (TA) - S See visible movements
• False negative pregnancy test

  • Missed abortion
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Too early pregnancy
  • Urine stored too long
  • Interfering medications
• Returning of fetus when uterus is pushed with fingers

  Ballottement
• Braxton Hick's Contraction


  Softening of cervix
• Bluish color vulva, vagina, cervix


  Chadwick's sign/JACQUEMIER'S Sign
• Other signs

  • Chandeliers sign – pelvic inflammatory disease, tenderness of the cervix
  • Ladin's sign—softening of uterus
  • Von Fernwald's--- irregular softening of fundus
  • Piscakek's sign--- softening of cornua
  • Mcdonald's sign--- uterus becomes flexible
• Lower uterine segment (ISTHMUS) is soft

  Hegar's sign