functional organisation of nervous

• What are the 4 subsections of the frontal lobe ?

  Prefrontal cortex this is the most rostral aspect of the frontal lobe. Next to this is the premotor cortex which lies caudal to the prefrontal cortex and rostral to the primary motor cortex (pre central gyrus)Then directly below sits broccas area
• What are the two regions of the the parietal lobe ?

  Primary somatosensory cortex just comes after the pre central gyrus (primary motor cortex) the rest of the parietal section is made of of the area is made up of somatosensory association area
• What are the two sections which make up the occipital lobe ?

  We have the primary visual cortex and then above sits the visual association area
• where does wernickes area lie?

  Its found in the temporal lobe where it sits caudally to the auditory cortex
• Three areas which make up the temporal lobe ?

  Auditory cortex , wernickes area and auditory association cortex
• What are the 4 main roles of the prefrontal cortex ?

  Problem solving , personality , complex planning and executive function typically anything which requires higher order thinking
• What are the three main functions of the motor cortex located in the frontal lobe ?

  Movement, planning, execution. The premotor cortex has the supplemmentary motor area within it. and beside it lies the primary motor cortex.
• True or false broccas area is uni-lateral ?

  True broccas area can only be found in one hemisphere typically its the left hemisphere its most commonly found.
• what is broccas area responsible for ?

  Its involved in the production of speech and when its damaged it results in broccas alphasia
• Where in the body is the somatosensory cortex located and where does it typically impact ?

  Its located in the parietal lobe and involved in high tactile sensations which are typically found in the face , lips , mouth , hands and fingers as they have many sensory nerves and receptors
• V1 is the primary visual cortex ?

  YES
• If the primary visual cortex is V1 then what is the visual association area ?

  V2,V3,V4,V5
• What are the 3 characteristics of the primary visual cortex?


  Its obviously involved with vision however its receives visual sensory information from the thalamus which acts like a relay centre , all sensory information passes through this region except olfactory.The thalamus will relay information back to the appropriate region of the brain. The thalamus has 6 distinct layers for its role.The primary visual cortex is located around the anatomical landmark the calcimine sulcus
• What is the role of the auditory cortex ?

  Hearing pitch and tone hearing words and speech
• whats the difference between broccas area and wernickes area ??

  Individuals whith broccas alphasia have difficulty with production of speech they understand the language but can't speak it fluently, whereas wernickes area can speak fluently however the words have no meaning they speak fluently
• What are the numbers associated with each component of the brain list 6 ??


  4 primary motor , 17 primary visual , 321, primary sensory , 41 auditory cortex , 42 wernickes area , 44&45 broccas area
• Names of the 12 cranial nerves ?

  Optical , olfactory , occularmotor , trochlear , trigeminal , Abducense , Facial, Auditory (vestibulococclear ) Glossopharengeal , vagus , spinal accessory , hypoglossengeal
• Name what cranial nerves are sensory , motor or both?


  Sensory : optical , olfactory , auditory (vestibulocochlear). Motor : occularmotor , trochlear , abducens , spinal accessory and hypoglossal
• what cranial nerves are both sensory and motor ?

  Trigeminal , facial , glossopharyngeal , vagus
• True or false the reflex arc is the simplest neuro circuit ?

  True the reflex arc only involves : a sensory and Moto neurone just a afferent and efferent
• what are the two types of reflex arcs ?

  Monosynaptic and polysynaptic
• What is the key difference between monosynaptic and polysynaptic neurone ?

  Monosynaptic there is only one synapse present in the circuit no interneurones , where as polysynaptic has multiple interneurones present hence it has more than one synapse
• Give an example of a monosynaptic reflex ?

  Knee jerk or patellar tendon jerk
• What are the key stages of the knee-jerk reflex ?

  Hammer hits the patellar tendon , causes a stretch in the muscles which is picked up by sensory receptors the quadriceps , this information travels via the sensory nerves to the spinal cord passes info onto the motor nerves which cause the quads to move creating a knee jerk
• What is an example of polysynaptic reflexes ?

  Withdrawal reflex
• what one is withdrawn and what one is knee-jerk reflexes an example of ?

  knee jerk reflexes : Monosynaptic and withdrawal is polysynaptic