REVIEWER

• Matter


  Anything that has mass and occupies space. Made up of tiny, indivisible particles called "atoms".
• Atoms


  The building blocks of matter
• Monatomic substances

  One atom substances
• Molecules


  When 2 or more atoms combine
• Diatomic molecules


  Made up of only 1 atom type, some are with 2 different atom types
• Polyatomic molecules


  Made up of 3 or even more, atoms of different types
• Ions

  Atoms with a net positive or negative charge
• Cation

  If the net charge is positive
• Anion


  If the net charge is negative
• Solid


  Has its own definite shape and volume. Particles are positioned in an ordered manner so close together that they can barely move.
• Liquid


  Has definite volume but conforms with the shape of the container it fills in. Particles are less ordered than solids, distances are a bit far away and are enough for them to move.
• Gas


  Has no definite volume and shape. Particles are so far away from each other that the gas particles can move randomly.
• Physical properties


  Observed or measured without producing a new substance
• Boiling point


  The temperature at which a liquid turns into gas
• Melting point


  The temperature at which a solid melts and becomes a liquid
• Phase change


  The change in physical state of a substance
• Chemical properties


  Observed or measured with accompanying chemical reactions, leading to change in the identity or composition of a substance
• Extensive properties


  Properties that vary depending on the size or amount of matter. These are additive.
• Length


  The distance to one position from another
• Mass


  A measure of how matter resists motion. It is related to the amount of a substance.
• Volume


  The dimensional space that is occupied by an object
• Intensive properties


  Properties that are not affected by the size or amount of matter. These are indicative.
• Temperature


  The measure of hotness or coldness of an object
• Density


  The mass of an object per unit volume
• Pure substance


  A matter with definite chemical composition. No physical method can be done to its very composition. Instead, atoms making up a pure substance can be altered by chemical methods.
• Mixture


  A matter composed of more than 1 substance. Its composition can be varied. Also, its components can be separated by physical methods.
• Elements


  The simplest form of pure substances. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods.
• Compounds


  A pure substance composed of 2 or more types of atoms. It can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods.
• Homogenous mixtures


  Mixture that are not uniform throughout. These mixtures appear like there is only one substance present.
• Heterogenous mixtures


  Mixture that are not uniform in appearance. These mixtures have mixtures that can be distinguished from each other.
• Filtration


  The insoluble matter is separated from the liquid with the aid of a porous material (e.g., filter paper), while allowing the liquid to pass through it. The separated liquid is called filtrate, while the separated materials are called "residue".
• Decantation


  The solids are allowed to settle in the container before the liquid (called decantated) is slowly and carefully poured off.
• Centrifugation


  The process in which a heterogenous mixture is spun in a machine. After the process, the liquid, or the centrifugate, can be removed by simple decantation.
• Funnel


  Separatory funnel is an apparatus used to separate liquids that do not mix (immiscible liquids).
• Distillation


  The process in which a liquid is heated in a vessel to become a gas, then this gas is condensed into liquid upon passing through a cooling tube called a "condenser". The liquid that comes out from the condenser is called "distillate"; the remaining is pot residue.
• Sublimation


  The process in which a solid substance is allowed to sublime, and the evolved gas is deposited on a cool surface.
• Evaporation


  This method involves heating of a mixture in an evaporating dish to cause removal of the liquid substance.
• Chromatography


  A method in which substances in a solution can be separated by loading the solution on a material that stays in place and allowing a liquid or gas to carry the substances.
• Ionic compounds


  Ions of opposite charge interact. It is electrically neutral– the sum of all charges of the cations and anions are zero.
• Naming ionic compounds


  1. Separate the formula into ions.

  2. Give the name of the cation, followed by the name of anion.