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MATTER IS ALL AROUND YOU
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REVIEWER
MATTER IS ALL AROUND YOU
68 cards
NAMING COMPOUNDS
MATTER IS ALL AROUND YOU
35 cards
ATOM: A LOOK INSIDE
MATTER IS ALL AROUND YOU
13 cards
Cards (149)
Matter
is anything that occupies
space
and has mass
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Chemistry
is the study of matter, its different properties, and the different
changes
it can undergo
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Steven Weinberg
: 'The progress of science has been largely a matter of discovering what questions should be asked'
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Changes in state of water
1.
Solid
(ice)
2.
Liquid
3.
Gas
(vapor)
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Physical properties
Characteristics of a
substance
that can be observed
without
changing
its
composition
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Chemical properties
Ability of a substance to
form
new
substances
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Physical
changes
do
not
affect the
composition
of a substance
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Chemical
changes cause a substance to be
decomposed
into
new
substances
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Extensive property
Property that depends on the
amount
of matter in a sample
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Intensive property
Property that depends only on the
type
of matter in a sample and not on the amount
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Element
Fundamental substance
that
cannot
be broken down into other substances by chemical means
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Compound
Substance made up of
atoms
of different
elements
combined in a specific way
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Elements contain only
one
kind of atom, compounds contain atoms of
different
elements
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Mixture
Something with
variable
composition
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Pure substance
Substance with a
fixed
composition, either an element or a
compound
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Crystallization
Separates mixtures based on differences in
solubility
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Homogeneous
mixture
A solution that does not vary in
composition
from one region to another
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Air
A homogeneous
mixture of
gases
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Brass
A homogeneous mixture of the metals
copper
and
zinc
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Heterogeneous
mixture
Contains regions that have different
properties
from those of other regions
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Sand in water
A heterogeneous mixture with one region containing
water
and another region containing mostly
sand
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Crystallization
1. Separates mixtures based on differences in
solubility
2. Dissolve at elevated temperature and allow to cool slowly
3. Allow liquid solvent to evaporate
4. Least soluble substance forms
crystals
first and can be removed by
filtration
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Recrystallization
1.
Dissolve
impure substance in minimum amount of hot solvent
2.
Gravity
filter hot solution
3. Allow solution to cool to
room
temperature, then cool further in
ice
bath
4. Collect resulting crystals by
vacuum
filtration
5.
Dry
and
weigh
crystals
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Evaporation
1. Separates components of a mixture with a
dissolved
solid in a liquid
2. Liquid is
evaporated
, leaving behind the solid
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Distillation
1. Separates components of a liquid mixture by
heating
and
cooling
to exploit differences in volatility
2.
Liquid
mixture is heated to
boil
3. Component with
lower
boiling point vaporizes and condenses in
condenser
4.
Distilled
liquid is collected
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Filtration
1. Separates
undissolved
solid from a liquid mixture
2. Mixture is poured through a
filter paper
in a funnel
3.
Solid
remains in the funnel, liquid (
filtrate
) passes through
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Chromatography
Separates
mixtures into components based on differences in
affinity
for stationary and mobile phases
Stationary
phase (e.g. alumina, silica, paper)
Mobile
phase (solvent or solvent mixture, called eluent)
Mixture is placed on
stationary
phase,
mobile
phase carries components with different affinities at different rates
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Chromatography
is the most important method for
separating
mixtures into components
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Gases
have neither a definite shape nor
volume
, with particles that are far apart and move freely in all directions.
Solids have fixed shapes and volumes, while liquids take the shape of their
container
but keep the same
volume.
Volume is how much
space
an object
occupies
, measured in cubic metres (m3) or litres (L).
Mass
is the
amount
of matter something contains, measured in kilograms (kg).
The
solid
state of matter has a
definite
shape and volume, with particles arranged in a fixed, orderly pattern.
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