PERCEPTION

• Perception


  A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
• The perceptual process


  1. Environmental stimuli

  2. Feeling/Touching

  3. Hearing

  4. Seeing

  5. Tasting

  6. Smelling

  7. Selective attention

  8. Perceptual organizations and interpretations

  9. Emotions and behaviors
• Selective attention


  The process of filtering information received by our senses
• Factors that influence perception

  • Factors in the perceiver
  • Factors in the situation
  • Factors in the target
• Attribution theory


  Tries to explain the ways we judge people differently depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior
• Attribution theory


  • the ways we judge people differently depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior.
  • Simply- A certain behavior can be good to another person and the same behavior will be bad to another person.
• Determining if a behavior is internal or external

  • Distinctiveness: Shows different behaviors in different situations
  • Consensus: Response is the same as others to the same situation
  • Consistency: Responds in the same way over time
• Fundamental attribution error


  The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others
• Self-serving bias


  The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors
• Perceptual errors


  • Primary effect
  • Selective perception
  • Recency effect
  • Halo and horn effect
  • Contrast effect
  • Projection
  • Stereotyping
• Decision making


  A choice made from among two or more alternatives, occurring as a reaction to a problem (a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state)
• All elements of problem identification and the decision-making process are influenced by perception
• The internal cause are ?

  under that person's control
• External causes are ?

  Not under the control of that person
• primary effect

  quickly form an opinion of people based on the first information recieved about them
• Recency effect


  Based on the most recent information that dominate the perception of others