Bubbles and Bases Science glossary

• Protons are: positive, heavy and found in the nucleus
• Neutrons are: Neutral, heavy and found in the nucleus
• Electrons are: negative, light and orbiting
• the nucleus is the centre of the atom
• orbiting means to circle around the nucleus
• atomic number is the number of protons
• mass number is the amount of protons and neutrons added together
• An element is made up of only one type of atom
• a molecule is a group of atoms that are chemically bonded together.
• a compound is a substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined
• a mixture is a combination of 2 or more pure substances that aren't chemically bonded together
• a non-metal are the elements that are on the top right corner of the periodic table of elements
• metals are every other element that isn't in the top right corner of the periodic table of elements
• Formula for oxygen gas : O2
• formula for hydrogen gas: H2
• formula for carbon dioxide: CO2
• formula for water: H2O
• Oxygen gas test: Oxygen is needed for things to burn. Objects burn much more easily in pure oxygen. If an extinguished match is placed into pure oxygen, it will start burning again.
• Hydrogen gas test: Hydrogen is very flammable. This means it burns very well in oxygen. When a burning match is put into hydrogen gas, it burns so well that it explodes making a popping noise. This is called the 'pop test'
• Carbon dioxide test: Bubble the carbon dioxide through limewater (calcium hydroxide) The carbon dioxide turns the limewater a cloudy or milky colour.
• acids are chemicals that release hydrogen
• bases are chemicals that react with hydrogen
• Alkali is a base that can dissolve water (soluble)
• an indicator is a substance that changes colour when added to acidic or basic (alkaline) solutions
• Litmus paper is a type of pH indicator. It comes in blue and red. It turns red in acids, blue in bases and doesn't change colour if it's neutral
• Neutralisation is any reaction that makes a substance more neutral or closer to pH 7
• pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
• pH under 7 is acid
• pH over 7 is base
• pH 7 is neutral
• Formula for hydrochloric acid: HCl
• Formula for sulfuric acid: H2SO4
• Formula for nitric acid: HNO3
• hydroxides are strong bases
• oxides and carbonates are weak bases
• metal + oxygen = metal oxide
• metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• metal + acid = metal salt + hydrogen
• Acid + base = metal salt + water
• Acid + carbonate = metal salt + carbon dioxide + water