Protostomes

• Porifera phylum Is a group of marine invertebrates that includes the sponges
• Cnidaria phylum are coral, hydros, and jellyfish that are diploblastic.
• Protostomes are divided into two categories

  • lophotrochozoa
  • Ecdysozoa
• Lophotrochozoa is a subgroup of protostome animals with larvae that have ciliated bands called trochi or lopho they have a spiral cleavage and have gradual addition to their mass
• Ecdysozoa is a subgroup of protostome animals that molt their exoskeletons as they grow
• Platyhelminthes phylum are flatworms, tapeworms flukes that are triploblastic with no circulatory sys as well as an incomplete digestion system. They introduced the mesoderm.
• coelom is a 


  Fluid filled cavity that allows for storage and protection for the organs
• Mollusca phylum contains snails, slugs, clams,

  and octopuses they are the largest phylum
• mollusca are marine animals with a soft body and a shell, they have a bilateral symmetry they have a open circulatory sys except for squids
• polyplacophora are part of the mollusca phylum they are not segmented and are herbivores
• Gastropoda are snails, slugs, and limpets. and are part of the Mollusca phylum. they are unsegmented, with a shell sometimes.
• nudibranches area part of the mollusca phylum with naked gills called branch Ian and have rhinophores that allows for touch
• bivalvia are part of the Mollusca phylum that contains clams and oysters they have no radula ad are two shells
• cephalopoda are part of the Mollusca phylum that contains squid, octopus, and cuttlefish they are the only ones with a closed circulatory sys and squids and cuttlefish have internal shells. they contain siphon that injected ink
• annelida are segmented worms with a coelom and a digestive tract with a closed circulatory system that use locomotion
• Annelida are divided into 2 classes

  • errantia
  • sedentaria
• sedentria class are part of the Annelida phylum that contains tree worm, fan worm like riftia
• errantia class is part of the annelida phylum that contains earthworms, leeches, and tube worms
• Clitellum are found in annelids like leeches and earthworms they act as a cocoon for the eggs
• Bryozoa are protostomes Who are aquatic invertebrates that comprises the moss animals. and they reproduce through asexual budding
• branchiopoda are Protostomes that are lamp shells like
• ecaysozoa have two groups

  • arthropoda
  • nematodes
• Nemertea phylum are part of the ecaysozan who are ribbon like animals that have a single body cavity and a closed circulatory system they are gonochortic
• nematoda are roundworms that are unsegmented and have a pseudocoelom who are part of the nematodes phylum they are parasitic
• nematoda are ecayzozoans and part of the nematodes and contain

  • pinworms
  • hookworms
• arthropods are part of the ecaysozans, they are segmented (tagmata) and have a exoskeleton with jointed appendeges, a open circulatory sys and eyes
• Arthopodas are divided into four classes

  • chelicerate
  • crustacea
  • hexapoda
  • myriapods
• chelicerate are part of the arthropod phylum they contain spiders (aranea), mites (Acari) they contain poison glands called chelicerae
• Crustacea are part of the arthropod phylum that contains crabs, crawfish and shrimp they go through nauplius stage and are gonochrotic axcpet for barnacles (Cirripedia)
• hexapods are part of the arthropod phylum that contains butterflies, beetles, and grasshoppers they have 3 body regions they go through simple (grasshopper) to complete (butterfly) metamorphosis
• myriapods are part of the arthropod phylum that contains centipedes who are carnivorous and millipedes who are herbivorous and the difference between both are the appendages per segment
• eumetazoans are bilateral animals with a notochord and a dorsal nerve cord
• Protostomes have a spiral cleavage meaning cells grow left or right