nucleic acid

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    Created by
    Leah beyram

    Cards (32)

    • what makes up a nucleotide?
      diagram
      A) phosphate group
      B) nitrogenous group
      C) pentose sugar
    • what are the nitrogenous bases?
      Adenine (A)
      Guanine (G)
      Cytosine (C)
      Thymine (T)
    • what links the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the pentose sugar?
      condensation reactions
    • what is a polymer of nucleotides called? 

      a strand
    • what is the difference between DNA and RNA?
      RNA is single-stranded
      RNA has uracil instead of thymine
    • what are the types of RNA?
      messenger RNA
      transfer RNA
      ribosomal RNA
    • when does hydrogen bonding occur in DNA?

      between the same pairs of bases (known as complementary base pairing)
    • Section of DNA
      diagram
      A) hydrogen bond
      B) hydrogen bond
      C) single nucleotide
      D) hydrogen bond
      E) base pair
      F) sugar-phosphate backbone
    • how many hydrogen bonds form between A and T?
      2
    • how many hydrogen bonds form between G and C?
      3
    • how much genetic information can DNA hold?
      almost infinite
    • template strand 

      one strand of the 'parent' DNA is kept in the 'daughter' molecule
    • what does the helicase do in replication
      unwinds the double helix and separates the two strands by breaking hydrogen bonds
    • semi-conservative replication
      when half of the original DNA molecule is kept in each of the two new DNA molecules
    • why is it important to keep one original DNA strand
      genetic continuity, regular body cell replacement to ensure new cells perform the same jobs as old cells
    • what is one issue that could arise if DNA consisted of two parallel sides rather than antiparallel
      no hydrogen bonding between pairs
    • what does messenger RNA do
      carry genetic information from DNA to ribosome
    • what does transfer RNA do
      carry amino acids to ribosomes
    • what does ribosomal RNA do
      facilitates binding of mRNA and tRNA
    • what bond do adjacent RNA molecules form after a condensation reaction
      phosphodiester bond
    • the formation of an RNA polymer
      diagram
      A) phosphodiester bond
    • what do each DNA polynucleotide strands have
      3' end and a 5' end
    • what does the number 3' and 5' relate to
      which carbon atom on the pentose sugar could be bonded with another nucleotide
    • a single DNA polynucleotide strand
      diagram
      A) phosphate
      B) 1
      C) 2
      D) 3
      E) 4
      F) 5
      G) C5
      H) 1
      I) 2
      J) 3
      K) 4
      L) 1
      M) 2
      N) 3
      O) 4
      P) 3'
      Q) pentose sugar
      R) nucleotide
    • what bond joins the nucleotides in the sugar-phosphate backbone
      covalent bonds
    • what bonds join the bases of the two complementary strands
      hydrogen bonds
    • what is the name of the strand that will carry the base sequence which is read by enzymes
      coding strand
    • why is genetic engineering possible 

      genetic code is universal
    • what are conserved sequences 

      coding and non-coding sequences that have remained unchanged in all organisms
    • why does complementary pairing allow
      the DNA to be copied is very precisely during DMA replication which ensures that the genetic code is accurately copied and expressed in new cells
    • how can DNA storage capacity be measured
      by the number of genes in the DNA
    • how else can the storage capacity be measured
      the number of base pairs in the genome
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