MODULE 2

• Geological threats are associated with earth materials that include landslides, earthquakes, sinkholes and many others, such as hazardous materials or earth processes
• These natural risks transform into catastrophe impacts for some populations. This can cause injury, illness, home loss, income loss and even loved one's loss
• Communities can reduce and even eliminate these losses by taking precautionary measures, learning about preparedness and immediate response, and imbibing a culture of safety
• A landslide is rock, dirt, or debris falling down a sloping section of land. The common kind of landslide that we experience here in the Philippines is the rainfall-induced landslide

  
• A sinkhole is a depression or hole caused by the collapse of the surface layer of the ground
• Sinkholes and rainfall-induced landslide are some of other geological hazard that we experience here in the Philippines along with other causes of landslides, earthquake, volcanic eruption, and flooding

  
• For this module, we will talk about the geological hazard maps and mitigation strategies to lessen the impact of such disasters
• Geohazard map


  A map that indicates the susceptibility of an area to geological hazards
• The image shows a geohazard map of Siquijor
• Color code in geohazard map


  Indicates the level of susceptibility to geological hazards in different areas
• Geological hazard maps


  Maps showing the areas that are vulnerable to earthquake threats, volcanic eruptions, and landslides

  
• Mitigation strategies


  Measures taken to lessen the impact of disasters
• Geological hazard maps are a tool that scientists and local authorities use to anticipate any hazard that a geological event could bring
• Geological hazard maps help educate the public about and train them for the geological threat
• Geological hazard maps


  • Can be read using the legend provided
  • Help understand what areas are prone to such disasters

  
• What to do BEFORE a rainfall-induced landslide

  1. Have an emergency preparedness plan

  2. Find out if you live in a susceptible area

  3. Listen to weather reports

  4. Talk with family and neighbors

  5. Become familiar with the land

  6. Have emergency contacts and kit

  
• What to do DURING a rainfall-induced landslide

  1. Listen to local news

  2. Be alert for unusual sounds

  3. Move away from the path

  4. Be vigilant for changes in water flow

  
• What to do AFTER a rainfall-induced landslide

  1. Go to an evacuation center

  2. Stay away from the slide area

  3. Listen to local media

  4. Report damage

  5. Check building and land for damage

  6. Seek advice from experts

  
• What to do BEFORE a sinkhole

  Check for cracks, exposed items, ground cracks, new ponds, slumping, and interrupted utilities
• What to do DURING a sinkhole


  Don't get too close, call authorities, keep children away, secure the area
• What to do AFTER a sinkhole

  Don't refill with trash, prevent construction, call authorities
• Mitigation strategies for sinkholes include ground surveys and checking for signs of impending disaster
• Mitigation strategies for rainfall-induced landslides include studying rainfall patterns, soil type, land characteristics, and nearby water bodies

  
• Areas with steep slopes and coarse, bare soil are more susceptible to landslides

  
• Deforestation and urban development can increase landslide susceptibility

  
• Rainfall and flooding from nearby bodies of water can make land unstable and increase landslide susceptibility

  
• Landslides and sinkholes can be a major issue affecting people, homes and public land
• We can never really tell the exact second that a disaster event will occur
• It is in our hands to be aware and observe what is going on in our surroundings
• Disaster Indicators


  Observe and take note of possible indicators that might lead to a disaster
• Mitigation


  What you will do to mitigate such indicators
• Emergency plan


  1. What should you do before, during, and after the disaster?

  2. What contact numbers should we have to call in time of emergencies?

  3. What should we include in the safety kit?

  4. What is the fastest route to go to the evacuation area?
• Geological Hazard Maps; Maps showing areas vulnerable to earthquake threats, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.
• Mitigation for Rainfall-induced Landslide; Strategies include studying rainfall patterns, soil type, land characteristics, and nearby water flow to mitigate landslide risk.
• What to do BEFORE a Landslide; Precautionary measures include having an emergency plan, identifying safe gathering places, and staying informed about local warnings.
• What to do DURING a Landslide; Actions include listening to local news, being alert for unusual sounds, moving away from the landslide path, and evacuating if necessary.
• What to do AFTER a Landslide; Post-landslide actions involve going to designated evacuation centers, staying away from slide areas, and reporting damages.
• Mitigation for Sinkholes; Strategies involve ground surveys and checking for signs like cracks and sloping floors to mitigate sinkhole risk.
• What to do BEFORE a Sinkhole; Precautions include checking for cracks, sinking areas, circular ground cracks, and changes in well water clarity.
• What to do DURING a Sinkhole; Actions involve staying back from the hole, calling authorities if necessary, securing the area, and documenting with caution.