education policies

• educational policy


  refers to plans and strategies of education introduced by government
• 1880


  state made schooling compulsory from ages 5-13
• 1944 tripartite system


  policy where everyone went to one of three schools - grammar, secondary modern and technical.

  conservative gov
• 11+ exams


  Exams sat by children at the end of primary school to determine which secondary school the child goes to.
• grammar schools


  school that offered more academic curriculum- mainly middle class
• secondary modern schools


  school that was more vocational, non-academic- mainly for working class
• technical schools


  Schools that offer programs that teach the specific skill requirements to begin working in a trade.- mainly working class
• 1944 butler act


  brought tripartite system
• 1965 comprehensive act


  wanted to abolish 11+ exams replaced with comprehensive exams

  harold wilson- labour pm
• comprehensive


  A type of school attended by all children regardless of ability or aptitude.
• 1976


  push for vocational education

  harold wilson- labour mp

  introduced- youth training schemes, NVQs
• 1988 education reform act


  act brought in marketisation policies- turning schools into businesses and competition

  Margaret thatcher- conservative MP
• parentocracy


  'rule by parents'

  giving parents more choice on Childs education

  e.g ofsted
• cream skimming


  'Good' schools can be more selective of pupils and recruit high achieving, mainly middle-class pupils.
• silt-shifting


  'Good' schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get poor results and damage the school's league table position.
• formula funding


  schools allocated funds by a formula based on how many pupils they attract
• 1997 new labour


  introduced policies to reduce inequality

  combined new right with old labour

  e.g Education Action Zones, Aim higher programme, Education maintenance allowances
• 2010 coalition gov


  conservative led coalition gov

  aimed to reduce role of the state in provision of education

  e.g academies, free schools
• Privatisation


  the opening up of state education to private businesses
• academies


  state-funded schools that are funded directly by the government rather than by the local education authority.

  some run by private educational businesses

  introduced by 2010 coalition gov
• free schools


  Schools set up by charities, teachers and businesses or parents but funded by the state. They were introduced by the coalition government after 2010.
• pupil premium


  money that schools receive for each pupil from a disadvantaged background

  coalition gov 2010 policy
• cola-isation of Schools


  This means the private sector is penetrating education indirectly e.g. vending machines on school premises, sponsorship and development of brand loyalty through displays of logos
• Assimilation policies


  based on the idea that ethnic minorities should adopt the language, customs, and values of the national majorities, and abandon their own cultural heritage.
• compensatory education


  aims to tackle cultural deprivation by providing extra funds and resources to schools and communities in deprived areas.

  introduced by 1997 labour gov
• multicultural education policies


  aimed to promote education of children from minority ethnic groups

  created in 1980-90s
• sure start


  Schemes to provide additional pre-school education and resources for parents in deprived inner city areas.

  introduced by 1997 labour gov
• PISA


  international ranking scheme- allows countries to compare standards

  study conducted globally that tests skills of students in reading, maths and science
• globalisation of education


  PISA testing

  prioritisation of STEM subjects

  marketisation/ privatisation policies

  growth of internet- home learning
• neoliberalism


  refers to an economic theory that favours free markets and minimal government intervention in the economy.

  economic theory of the new right