PRELIMS

• Forensic Science


  Also known as Criminalistics/Instrumentation
• Forensic Science


  The application of science principles and methods to support legal decision–making in matters of criminal and civil law
• Portrait Parle


  Verbal description which is sometimes aided by general photographic files, mug files or rogues galleries
• Elements of a portrait parle

  • Tattoo marks
  • Birth marks
  • Race
  • Weight
  • Moles
• Ordinary methods of identification

  • Aztecs tribe in Mexico that has tradition of printing their palm in mud to be placed in their tombs
  • Friction ridge impressions (fingerprints)
  • Earthenware (China)
• These prints are considered the oldest friction ridge skin impression found to date
• Hua Chi is the name given by the Chinese referring to fingerprints


  221 BC to AD 1637
• Arches and whorls


  Called "Lo" (snail)
• Loops


  Called "Ki" (sieve or winnowing basket)
• Emperor Te'in Shi was the first Chinese ruler who devised a seal carved from white jade
• The use of friction ridge skin impressions were continued to be used into the Tang Dynasty as seen on land contacts, wills
• Marcello Malphigi


  Grandfather of dactyloscopy
• Marcello Malphigi named a skin layer "Malpighian layer"
• Ridges and pores found on epidermal skin
• Henry Faulds published the principle of infaliability
• Anthopometry


  The study of body measurements for identification purposes
• The Bertillon system was questioned in the West case
• Will West committed a crime, William West was the one who was jailed (identical twins)
• John Dillinger removed his fingerprints using acids
• Friction ridge skin impression starts to develop 3–4 months, fully developed 5–6 months and never changes
• 3 dogmatic principles of fingerprint

  • Individuality
  • Permanency (constancy)
  • Infallibility
• Chiroscopy


  The study of the prints of the palms of the hand, Greek word: Cheir - hand, Skopien - to examine
• Poroscopy


  The study of the sweat pores, Greek word: Poros - pore, Skopien - to examine
• Podoscopy


  The study of the prints of the soles of the feet and footwear identification, Greek words: Podo - foot, Skopien - to examine
• Dactylography


  The scientific study of fingerprints as a means of identification
• Dacytlomancy


  The study of fingerprint of interpreting one's personality
• Dactyloscopy


  The science that deals with the study of fingerprints as a means of personal identification that involves manual comparison of fingerprints, Greek word: Dactyl - finger, Skopien - to examine
• Ridge


  Elevated portion, hill–like structure, black lines
• Furrows/Valley


  Depressed portion, canal–like structure, white lines
• Dactylograms / Fingerprint


  An impression designed by the ridges on the inside of the endpoint of the fingers and thumb on any smooth surface through the media of ink, blood or any reagents capable of producing visibility
• Plaridel Education Institute was the name of the Philippine college before
• Though BUCOR, he adopted a fingerprint identification system which he learned from
• Polydactyl


  Also known as hyperdactyl, a hand having more fingers than the required, Greek word: Polys - many
• Types of fingers

  • Thumb (preaxial - radial)
  • Central
  • Small finger (post axial - ulnar)
• Brachydactyl


  Abnormal shortness of fingers/toes
• Syndactyl


  The side to side fusion of fingers/toes
• Oligodactyl


  The presence of fewer than five fingers or toes
• Ectrodactyl


  Involves the deficiency or absence of one or more central digits of the hand or foot
• Macrodactyl


  Literally means large digit, is an uncommon condition that affects the fingers more commonly than the toes
• Visible prints


  Impressions made by fingers smeared with colored substance, such as blood