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Prokaryotic transcription
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Shauna Quinn
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Cards (11)
Bacteria
are concerned about survival and energy efficiency and this shapes
genome size
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Analysing the
genome
tells us what could happen – analysing the
transcriptome
, proteome or metabolome begins to help us understand what is happening!
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Bacterial structural gene and its mRNA product
Promoter
: Binding site for
RNA polymerase
, not transcribed or translated, orients RNA polymerase
Transcription start site (+1):
First nucleotide
in
mRNA
, may not be translated
Leader
: Can be important in regulation of transcription and translation, includes
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Coding region: Starts with
start codon
, ends with
stop codon
Trailer:
Transcribed
but not
translated
, prepares RNA pol for release
Terminator
: Signals RNA pol to
stop transcription
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Many genes with similar functions are grouped together in bacteria, transcribed from a single
promoter
, called an
operon
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Polycistronic mRNA
Contains multiple
protein synthesis initiation
sites, leads to multiple proteins, efficient mechanism to
control production
of proteins with related functions
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RNA Polymerase
Central to transcription in
bacteria
,
single enzyme
unlike eukaryotes
Sigma factor
: Helps core enzyme recognise
promoter
, forms 'holoenzyme'
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Bacterial Transcription Cycle
1.
Initiation
2.
Elongation
3.
Termination
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Sigma factor
Critical to initiation process, positions
RNA polymerase
at promoter, recognises
consensus
sequences
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Steps in transcription by bacterial RNA polymerase
1.
Initiation
: Locates and binds to promoter,
breaks
DNA duplex, forms channel for template DNA
2.
Elongation
: Core
RNAP
moves along template, new RNA strand synthesized 5' to 3'
3.
Termination
: Core RNAP dissociates from template
DNA
, can be factor dependent or independent
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Transcription termination - two types:
factor
dependent or
independent
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Rho-factor
dependent termination of
transcription
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