Spit with occasional changes in the dominant wind process, resulting in a hooked or curved feature
Bar
Ridge of sand and shingle which joins up to headlands, often cutting off a bay behind which a lagoon forms
Mud flats
Found at the edges of permanently submerged marine zones, susceptible to changes in sea level, wave action, river volume and tidal flows
Salt marshes
Develop from mud flats in sheltered shorelines with river estuaries, salt water and fine sediment
Eustatic sea level change
Caused by volume of water in the sea or by the change in the shape of the ocean basin
Isostatic sea level change
Caused by vertical movements of the land relative to the sea
Submergent coastline
Stretches along the coast that have been inundated by the sea due to a rise in sea level
Emergent coastline
Coast that has been exposed due to a fall in sea level
Submergence landforms
Rias
Fjords
Emergence landforms
Raised beaches
Marine platforms
Relict cliffs
Shoreline management plan
Developed as part of the UK government's efforts to make coastal management more sustainable, matching up with sediment cells
Shoreline management options
Hold the line
Managed realignment
No active intervention
Advance the line
Integrated coastal zone management
Integrates and views the environment as a whole, considering different uses and involving authorities at local, regional and national levels
The Sundarbans is one of the largest mangrove forests in the world, facing threats from climate change, industrial projects and destructive human activities
Approaches to managing threats in the Sundarbans
Develop resilience
Mitigation
Adaptation
Tidal barrier
a barrier that traps water at high tide, creating a tidal basin