Muscular

• BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
• ANPH 111 (Anatomy and Physiology)
• COURSE UNIT
• The Muscular System
• VanPutte, Cinnamon. Regan, Jennifer. Russo, Andrew (2016). Seeley's Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology Penn Plaza, New York, New York, McGraw-Hill Education, 10th Edition
• Computer device or smartphone with internet access (at least 54 kbps; average data subscription will suffice)
• Acetylcholine


  Chemical messenger released from the end of a motor neuron
• Actin


  Protein of which the thin myofilaments are composed
• Aerobic respiration


  Process that breaks down fatty acids for energy when oxygen is present
• Anaerobic respiration


  Process that breaks down glucose for energy when oxygen is not plentiful
• Antagonist


  Muscles that oppose the action of a prime mover
• Aponeurosis


  Flat, broad tendon that attaches a muscle to another muscle or to bone
• ATP


  Adenosine triphosphate; used for energy in cells to perform various functions, including muscle contraction
• Atrophy


  Decrease in the size of a muscle
• Belly


  The thick midsection of the muscle
• Complete tetanus


  Condition in which impulses arrive so fast the muscle cannot relax between stimuli and twitches merge into one prolonged contraction
• Creatine phosphate


  Compound stored in muscle that is used for short bursts of high-energy activity
• Endomysium


  Delicate connective tissue covering each muscle fiber

  
• Epimysium


  Connective tissue covering that surrounds muscles as a whole and binds all muscle fibers together

  
• Fascia


  Connective tissue surrounding the muscle
• Fascicles


  Bundles of muscle fibers

  
• Hypertrophy


  Enlargement of a muscle
• Incomplete tetanus


  Condition of rapid muscle contraction with only partial relaxation
• Insertion


  The end of a muscle that attaches to the more mobile bone
• Isometric contraction


  Contraction in which the tension within a muscle increases while its length remains the same

  
• Isotonic contraction


  Contraction in which the muscle changes length to move a load

  
• Motor unit


  A neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates

  
• Muscle fiber


  A skeletal muscle cell

  
• Muscle tone


  Continuous state of partial muscle contraction that allows for the maintenance of posture
• Myofibrils


  Long protein bundles that fill the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber

  
• Myofilaments


  Fine protein fibers that make up a myofibril
• Myosin


  Protein of which the thick myofilaments are composed
• Neuromuscular junction


  Connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

  
• Origin


  The end of a muscle that attaches to the more stationary bone
• Perimysium


  Sheath of connective tissue encasing fascicles
• Prime mover


  The main muscle triggering a movement
• Sarcomere


  The unit of contraction of the myofibrils of a muscle

  
• Sarcoplasm


  The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
• Synaptic cleft


  Narrow space between the end of a motor nerve and the muscle fiber

  
• Synergists


  Muscles that assist in the movement of a bone