Sport and society

• Characteristics of pre-industrial Britain

  upper and working class, communication limited, transport limited, free time limited
• What is meant by popular recreation?

  The sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain
• Name an example of popular recreation

  mob football
• Define Rational recreation

  Involves the post industrial development of sport. It was characterised by a number of features including respectability, regularity, strict administration and codification
• What were the negative impacts of the industrial revolution on sport?

  poor health, lack of income, lack of time, loss of rights
• Positive impacts of industrial revolution on sport

  health and hygiene improved, increased wages, new middle class, transport increased, communication improved,
• Define industrial patronage

  factory teams set up by factory owners as a way of decreasing absenteeism and encouraging loyalty in the workforce
• What were the effects of the transport revolution?

  Movement of teams/spectators, improved access to different parts of the country, cheaper train travel, improved access to the countryside.
• What were the effects of urbanisation on sport?

  lack of space, large working class, lack of traditional sports, changes to working conditions
• What was the influence of the church?

  morality, social control
• What were the effects of the emergence of the middle class?

  self made individuals, set up teams, empathy for working class
• What were the effects of the British empire?

  pubic school boys influenced spread of sport by teachers, factory owners, diplomats, founders of NGBs
• What do NGBs stand for?

  National governing bodies
• What is the role of NGBs?

  responsible for their own sport, rules, competitions, coaching awards, talent development
• What are the components of the golden triangle?

  sport, media, business
• Characteristics of rational recreation

  regularly played, codification, officials, purpose built facilities
• Women's football has been increasing due to?

  increased media coverage, more role models, more provision, more opportunities, more clubs, increased encouragement
• Characteristics of commercial sport

  professional sport, sponsorship and business, entertainment, contracts, athletes as commodities, media, winning and success
• Positive effects of commercialisation on performer

  high income, paid for results, household names
• Negative effects of commercialisation on performer

  controlled by sponsors, under pressure to perform, most specialise in sport, dedicated to training
• Effects of sponsorship

  increased sales, increased brand awareness, creates associations with healthy image of sport, decreases tax paid
• Globalisation seen in sport

  sponsorship, spreading of sports, increases pressure on athletes
• Impact of social media on sport

  increased involvement, sports news spreads easily, create fan base, engage with wider audience, promotion of sport
• Define society

  A community of people who share a common culture
• Define socialisation

  The lifelong process of learning the skills, customs, attitudes, norms and values of your culture.
• What is primary socialisation?

  first stage of socialisation where the norms and values are taught to a child within the family
• What is secondary socialisation?

  Refers to the process in which the child comes to understanding the social norms of a wider society - includes education/teachers, the media, peers, religion and the workplace.
• Genders effects on socialisation

  The way in which males and females are taught to behave differently in a particular society.
• Define social control

  attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior
• Define institution

  an organization founded and united for a specific purpose
• Define social change

  the transformation of culture and social institutions over time
• Define social issues

  Problems that's affect many people within a society
• Define inequality

  the unequal distribution of valued goods and opportunities in society
• Define social stratification

  the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy
• Define social class

  a division of a society based on social and economic status.
• What is meant by the social action theory?

  A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action
• What are some causes of inequality?

  money, confidence, race, role models, gender
• What are the benefits of raising participation?

  health benefits, reduces the strain on NHS, social benefits, reduces crime rates
• Barriers to participation

  discrimination, prejudice, stereotypes, social exclusion, lack of access, disability, lack of media coverage, lack of time
• Solutions to barriers of participation

  reduced prices, more opportunities, improved access, specialist coaches, campaigns, single sex provision, laws against discrimination