First New Deal

• Communism


  Political and economic system in which the government owns the means of production and the state plans and controls the economy
• Lynching


  The impromptu execution of a person through hanging, usually by a mob
• Old South


  The area of the south-eastern USA that comprised the Confederate states during the US Civil War (1861-65), where there was legal segregation of blacks and whites and much violence and intimidation against black Americans
• Bootlegging


  The illegal transportation and sale of intoxicating liquor
• Bull Market


  A period when share prices go up
• Supremacists


  Members of the Ku Klux Klan and others, who believed white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPS) were superior to other groups in the USA, including black Americans, Native Americans, white Catholics and Jews
• Surprisingly, in the 1930s, lynching was not a federal crime
• First New Deal


  A series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939
• FDR


  • Only president to have been elected four times (1932-45)
  • Struck by polio in 1921, and for the remainder of his life, could only walk with leg irons and assistance
  • When he became president: USA = worst economic crisis
  • When he died: USA on the verge of victory during WW2 and was by far the most prosperous nation in the world
• 1932 election

  • When FDR received the Democratic Party nomination, he promised a 'new deal' for Americans
  • He believed American men needed 2 things: work and security for themselves, their wives and children
  • Intended to remove the responsibility for welfare from state governments
  • Won the election by 7m votes
  • Showed a turn for black voters, who had traditionally voted Republican – now voting Democrat
• • 1933 – 1 in 4 Americans out of work
  • Soup kitchens/bread lines in every major city
  • Many Americans homeless
  • Emergency relief had to be a top priority
• New Deal

  • Provide RELIEF for the poor and unemployed
  • Allow the RECOVERY of the economy
  • REFORM the economic system to prevent a Great Depression from happening again
• First Hundred Days

  1. 4th March 1933 – FDR is inaugurated as President (he took office)

  2. 9th March 1933 – Emergency Banking Act

  3. 20th March 1933 – Economy Act imposes cuts on public sector pay in federal government

  4. 22nd March 1933 – Beer Act overturns Volstead Act (ending prohibition)

  5. 31st March 1933 – Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) created

  6. 19th April 1933 – FDR takes US currency off the Gold Standard

  7. 12th May 1933 – Creation of Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

  8. 18th May 1933 – Creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
• The First New Deal was not a master plan to bring radical change to the USA – FDR claimed he would experiment first