Nervous & Endocrine System

• The Human Nervous System is responsible for your quick reaction
• The Central Nervous System is the processing area of the nervous system
• The brain processes and

  interprets most of the

  signals that it receives from the

  different parts of the body
• Left Hemisphere - controls different skills such as speaking, writing, numerical, and scientific skills, as well as sign language and reasoning
• Right Hemisphere - related to spatial intelligence, pattern and face recognition, as well as musical ability
• The frontal lobe controls some voluntary motor functions, different moods, and sense of smell
• The parietal lobe interprets sensory information from touch, pressure, temperature, pain, taste, and hearing.
• The occipital lobe controls the sense of sight
• The temporal lobe has a role in memory
• Cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining posture and balance
• Brainstem connects the brain with spinal cord and regulates breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, digestion, and sleep
• Spinal Cord transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body parts below the neck
• The Peripheral Nervous System relays information between your

  brain and the rest of your body
• The Somatic Nervous System function voluntarily, while the Autonomic Nervous System work involuntarily
• The nerve cell or the neuron has the ability change a stimulus into an impulse or an electric signal that travels in it
• Stimulus - a change in the environment that causes one to initiate an impulse
• Neurons are composed of three main regions: Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon
• AXON - transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body
• DENDRITES - receives signals from other cells
• CELL BODY - contains nucleus and cytoplasm; where most chemical reactions occur
• NEUROGLIA - support and protect neurons
• The unipolar or sensory neuron, also known as the afferent neurons; receive stimuli and transmit them toward the CNS
• The multipolar or motor neurons, also known as the efferent neurons; carry the impulse away from the CNS to the effectors such as the muscles and the glands
• HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - secrete hormones that control the growth and development of the body through different glands
• HORMONES - travels throughout the body through the bloodstream
• PITUITARY GLAND - is the master gland and controls the functions of other endocrine glands
• ADRENAL GLANDS - located on top of both kidneys and produces adrenaline and noradrenalin
• HYPOTHALAMUS - controls the function of the pituitary gland
• THYROID GLAND - a butterfly shaped gland that is composed of the right and the left lobes
• PARATHYROID GLANDS - found in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
• PANCREAS - hormones are responsible in regulating the blood sugar lever
• ADRENAL GLANDS - divided into the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
• GONADS - produce sex cells or gametes
• PINEAL GLAND - located at the center of the brain, it secretes melatonin which regulates sleep patterns.
• OVARIES - female reproductive organs that produces estrogen and progesterone
• THYMUS GLAND - located behind the breastbone, it is involved in immune system development during childhood but becomes less active as we age.