Bontrager; Radiographic Positioning: Final Exam

• To help describe the locations of various organs or other structures within the abdominal cavity, the abdomen may be divided into either _____ quadrants or _____ regions

  4 quadrants; 9 regions
• The liver is the largest solid organ in the body, occupying most of what quadrant?

  Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
• The spleen may be visualized fairly on plain abdominal radiographs, particularly if the organ is enlarged it is primarily found in what quadrant?


  Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
• The term PUBIC or HYPOGASTRIC refers to a:

  Specific organ of the abdomen
• There are seven landmarks of the abdomen that are palpable and important in positioning the abdomen of these which one of the following would be found at the level of T9-T10?

  1. Inferior costal rib marginB. Iliac crestC. ASISD. Xiphoid process

  D. Xiphoid process
• Which landmark can be found at the level of L4-L5?

  Iliac crest (most commonly used in abdominal landmarks)
• Generally speaking most radiographs of the abdomen are taken at what kVp?

  70-80 kVp
• As discussed in the text and lecture large amounts of air in entire dilated small and large bowel with air fluid levels visualized is defined as:

  Ileus
• When positioning for an AP projection (supine) abdomen, one would align the bottom of the IR at the level of the:


  Symphysis pubis
• For a lateral decubitus position of the abdomen the patient should be on their side for a minimum of _____ minutes before taking and exposure.


  Minimum of 5 minutes
• The CR location for an erect abdomen is approximately:

  2'' above the iliac crest
• What structure must be visualized (included) on an erect abdomen?

  Diaphragm
• T/F When taking an x-ray of the chest and/or abdomen breathing instructions to the patient are the same

  False, chest on inspiration abdomen on expiration
• The SID for abdomen radiographs are:

  40 SID
• The CR location for a PA chest is at the level of:

  T7
• T/F A general rule to follow in radiography is that anything above the diaphragm is done on inspiration and anything below the diaphragm is done on expiration


  True
• To show anterior and posterior displacement of the wrist one would obtain a:

  Lateral projection of the wrist
• With the medial surface of the hand placed on the IR and the CR directed the the 2nd MP joint and exiting the 5th MP joint one obtains a _________ projection

  Lateral hand projection
• What is the total number of bones that make up the hand and wrist

  27
• The name of the joint between the proximal and distal phalanges of the 1st digit is the __________.

  Interphalangeal (IP) joint space
• The _________ is the largest of the carpal bones

  Capitate
• T/F The head of the radius is located on the proximal end of the radius


  True
• With the arm in anatomic position, the ulna is on the ______ side.

  Medial
• What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the elbow?

  Humeral epicondyles
• T/F The trochlea is located medially and articulates with the ulna while the capitulum is more lateral and articulates with the head of the radius


  True
• To prevent the proximal radius crossing over the ulna for an AP projection of the forearm one should:


  Supinate the hand
• To show anterior and posterior displacement of the forearm one would obtain a:

  Lateral projection of the forearm
• Which of the following structures is NOT part of the distal humerusA.Olecranon processB. Radial fossaC. TrochleaD. Capitulum

  Olecranon process
• A radiograph of an AP elbow projection demonstrates total separation between the proximal radius and ulna. What must be done to correct this positioning error on the repeat exposure?


  Rotate the upper limb medially
• How many bones make up the carpal region?

  8
• How much rotation of the distal humerus is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?

  45 degrees
• T/F When placing radiographs of the hand on the view box, the digits should be pointing upward.


  True
• Why should the hand be slightly arched for a PA projections of the wrist?

  To reduce the OID of the carpal bones
• Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

  Scaphoid
• Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna?

  1. Coronoid processB. HeadC. Olecranon processD. All of the above

  B.Head
• Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand?


  Phalanges
• The AP axial projection of the clavicle requires a CR to be angled:

  15-30 degrees cephalad
• Where are the sesamoid bones of the foot most commonly located?


  Plantar surface near head of first metatarsal
• T/F The base or proximal portion of the 5th metatarsal is a common fracture site of the foot


  True
• What is the name of the tarsal bone found on the medial side of the foot between the talus and three cuneiforms?


  Navicular