Great War

• Reasons people were against women gaining the vote:

  Husbands and dads voted on behalf of them

  They were too pure and delicate to know about politics

  Men fought for their country so they should only be allowed to vote

  and they were not clever enough, so they would thought what their husband and dad would just pick
• Why did landlords up the price of rent?

  because there was a sudden influx of people needing a place to stay
• Cat and mouse act

  This is when the government worried about suffragette dying from hunger strikes in prison

  so they would force feed them by inserting a tube through the nose

  The public were out reached at this cruelty so they would release them until they got better and then they would rearrest them
• Types of gas

  Tear gas- inflame nose and throat

  Chlorine gas- poisonous form acid

  in lungs and eyes

  Mustard gas- produce burn like blisters
• Battle of the loos

  25 September 1915-October 18, 1915

  Chlorine gas was used for the first time by the British

  First attack- artillery destroyed first line trenches

  Second attack- delayed due to heavy rain and failed because German knew they were coming

  The soldiers were too anxious using the gas and it blew back in their face so Daniel ladlaw played the bagpipes to give the soldiers confidence

  7000 Scots died
• Battle of the somme

  First of July 1916- November 1916

  tactics

  120,000 soldiers, battle on a hill, March unopposed across No man’s land in waves

  Failures:

  Success of artillery bombardment overestimated, ordered to March over no man’s land which made them an easy target

  20,000 dead on the first day

  7 miles gained after 141 days of fighting
• Dora

  Passed- 8th of August 1914

  not allowed to spread rumours about military matters- spies could be listening

  Not to fly flags

  not allowed to ring church bells

  No feeding animals- save food for public and soldiers

  Newspaper censored- avoid panic amongst population about war

  Pub hours limited

  not allowed to light fires or throw bonfires

  British summertime introduced- allow more light for farmers to grow food
• Reasons for Rationing

  German u boats sinking British supply ships- 300 tonnes lost every month

  Soldiers were prioritised

  Inflation of food prices

  Panic buying, none left

  Struggle for people living in cities to grow their own foods

  Failure of government attempts to encourage voluntary rationing- meatless Monday and wheatless Wednesday
• Suffragettes

  Formed 1903

  Led by Emmeline Pankhurst

  The motto was deeds, not words
• Suffragists

  Formed 1897

  Led by Millicent fawcett

  600 branches

  Over 50,000 members
• Campaigning

  Suffragists- petitions, marches, lobbying MPs, wrote letters

  Suffragettes- interrupted political meetings, poured acid on golf courses, chain themselves to public places, heckled politicians, smashed windows
• Reasons why suffragette harmed the cause of vote for women

  -Chained themselves to parliament building- viewed as unstable

  -Smashed windows-caused havoc

  -slashed bus seats - interrupting the publics day-to-day lives

  poured acid on golf courses- lost support from wealthy men

  -attempted to bomb lloyd George’s summer house- lost support from him

  -Emily davidson jumped in front of kings horse - viewed as mentally unstable and not rational enough for the vote
• conscientious objectors

  -soldiers became one after their experience with fighting

  -Peace should be achieved by negotiation not fighting

  -Political objectors-not consider the government of Germany to be the enemy

  -religious objectors- war I’m fighting was against their religion

  -pacifist-against the war in general, e.g. the Quakers

  -moral grounds-fighting and killing was inhumane
• recruitment

  Recruitment vans-travelled to rural parts of Scotland

  Recruitment drives-held in town hall musical hall

  Posters-Lord Kitchener as the star attraction

  Pals battalion-target friends to join together, example the hearts football club
• Treatment of conscientious objectors

  Handed a white feather

  Sent to labour camps e.g.Dyce Aberdeen

  Shunned from society

  made it hard to get jobs because people didn’t sympathise with them
• Reasons why men signed up

  -Peer pressure

  -Strong military tradition

  -Adventure

  -guilt EG white feather

  -Money

  -fear of invasions by Germans and hatred of Germans
• Conditions in trenches

  -Swarm of rats-feeding on dead bodies

  -Trench foot-aninfection caused by water in trenches

  -Shellshock-caused by exposure to active warfare

  -Boring food-stale biscuits and bully beef
• New technology

  -Gas

  -Tanks

  -Machine gun

  -Aircraft
• Weapons

  Artillery-5 to 12 km range,1-45 reload time

  Gas- disorientate people, wind had to be blowing in right direction

  Tank-range 40miles, crush barbed wire, unreliable-sitting duck in mud

  Machine gun- 450-600 rounds per min,needed flat surface

  bayonet - extra protection,close contact
• Conscription

  happened bc volunteer members started to dry up

  Military service act-Jan 1916- 18-41 unmarried men had to go to war

  may 1916 went up to married men and age 51

  people exempted

  disabled,ill people,Christian leaders
• representation of the peoples act

  Passed in 1918, given women age 30+ the right to vote if:

  -Owned property

  -Paid the yearly rent of £5

  -Were a British graduate

  in 1928 then got the same terms to vote as men
• Women in war work

  -First two female conductors employed in 1915 by Glasgow corp tramways

  -Women’s land army-harvest and grow crops

  -Munition factories-produce shell for artillery for the shell crisis in the 1915s

  -Work as nurses-worked on the frontline to treat injured soldiers

  -Police-carried out inspections in munition factories to make sure women did not take anything
• Decline of the heavy industry after World War one

  -Navy did not need to place new orders for ships-therefore shipbuilding declined

  -replaced by oil and electricity less trade

  -Coal and steel being made cheaper in other countries(America,Japan)-foreign competition

  -Coal workers striked- bad reputation

  -car making and electrical being made elsewhere
• Agriculture and fishing during World War I

  -fishing-north Sea closed off, navy taken over East Coast ports, herring trade lost to northern Germany and Russia

  Agriculture- recruitment took around 18,000 farmers away, sheep farming profited shepherds as wool was used for uniform so wages doubled
• Rent strikes

  -Landlord increased rent by 20% because of the demand on housing

  -women felt landlords were taken advantage of them

  -Glasgow women’s housing association-Mary Barbour, Jessis Stephens,Agnes Dollan
• Events of the rent strikes

  -Women stopped paying rent

  -Landlord called Bailiffs to seize goods

  -Women through flour bombs and wet clothes at Bailiffs and blocked the stairwells

  -Women brought to sheriff court, 20,000 supporters and Fairfield men by November 19 15 stood up and supported them

  -passed the rent restriction act free rent pre-war levels unless improvements made