history empire

• what were the conditions in early 1900s

  overcrowded slums, rising population, lots of disease
• why where conditions awful in early 1900s

  governments laissez faire attitude
• dates of Charles booth research and where


  1886 - 1903 in London
• dates of seebohm rowntree research and where


  1899-1901 in york
• what did seebohm rowntree discover


  poverty line <21 shillings per week
• what did rowntree and booth discover in London and York

  30% in poverty in London and York
• what did booth and rowntree conclude were the causes of poverty

  age, illness, unemployment
• what did booth and rowntree change as a result of their research

  public opinion on poverty. people used to think it was idleness that caused poverty, but actually it was circumstances. poor not to blame but liberal gov introduced social reforms
• educational reforms - education act


  1902, aimed to make Education more uniform across the country
• what did the education act 1902 consist of

  - school boards replaced by LEA (local education authorities) run by local councils

  - ensured teachers were qualified and paid

  - church schools now received funding
• what eduction act was in 1906


  free school meals, one full meal for poorer children but patchy
• education act in 1907


  free school medical inspection - only inspection but no free treatment until 1912 and even then sometimes not by many local authorities
• education act in 1908


  children's charter - cannot sell alcohol or tobacco to children, children prisons set up and death penalty abolished for children
• what was the old age pension act in 1908


  pensions for people over 70yrs with an income higher than £31 a year. non contributory
• what was the problem with the old age pension act 1908


  life expectancy so low that many never got it
• national insurance act 1911 type of contribution


  compulsory
• national insurance act 1911 part one (health act)


  sick pay up to 26 weeks, 15 million covered by 1913, free medical treatment for those insured
• national insurance act 1911 part two (unemployment act)


  unemployment pay for up to 15 weeks, 2.3 million covered by 1913
• what did contribution to national insurance act 1911 mean

  workers take home pay fell, millions not covered if not at work for 26wks. after 15wks unemployment poor law used (sent to work houses)
• why did trade union numbers increase and what did this mean

  growing because of lack of care for poor, small wage, bad living conditions

  threat of strikes scared employers (lose money0 and gov (public would not like disruption)
• 2 trade unions


  Bryant and may match girls 1888

  dockers strike 1889
• why were match stick girls in Bryant and may factory striking

  bad wages, around dangerous chemicals, bad conditions
• why did the dockers strike happen in 1889


  100,000 dock workers wanted better pay
• what happened to the two trade unions

  successful

  - bryant and may changed phosphorous used

  higher wages for both
• why did the liberals win a landslide majority 1906


  were influenced by booth and rowntree reports and public wanted social reforms introduced to tackle poverty and improve national efficiency
• explain 1909 budget


  Lloyd George (chancellor of exchequer) introduced the 'peoples budget' providing money for social reforms and dreadnoughts by increasing tax on rich by 3%.
• whats a dreadnoughts


  large battleshipsthat gov wanted to use in case of war against Germany
• why did the constitutional crisis happen

  rich conservatives opposed budget as it directly affected them, and they were the majority so they kept blocking money bills. big liberal majority in House of Commons passed it, house of lords rejected it
• why did the liberals call a general election in 1910

  to ask for publics support of the budget, liberals won
• what did liberal prime minister Herbert Asquith ask king Edward for

  hundred of liberal peers. king Edward agreed if liberals won another election
• why did lords eventually accept the money bill

  in April 1910 when faced with the election the liberals may win
• what were the conditions Henry the fifth gave liberals for the parliament act to pass


  if they won another election
• what did king Henry v do when he came to throne

  improve relations with gov and House of Lords
• how did the liberals try weaken the house of lords

  parliament bill which they proposed to king Henry v
• the liberals won, the parliament bill was installed what was it.

  - any money bill would become law in 1 month after being sent to lords

  - other bills could only be delayed a max 2 years - lords could no longer veto bills

  - lenght of parliament 5 years instead of 7
• what did the parliament act change to avoid being swamped with liberal peers

  changed relqrtionsip between house of commons and lords
• what were the conditions like in the early 1900s

  slum like, overcrowded, rising populations, poverty, lots of disease
• why were the conditions so bad early 1900s

  gov had laissez faire attitude
• reports of booth and rowntree, where and when

  Charles booth - London 1886-1903

  Seebohm rowntree - york 1899-1901
• what did rowntree invent

  poverty line (under 21 shillings/wk)