TEST 5

• Gastrointestinal tract


  extends from the mouth to the anus
• Why is the GI tract longer in a cadaver


  because the smooth muscle is not shorthening the length of it
• What is apart of the GI tract

  Pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intesine, large intestine, appendiz=x
• What isnt apart of the GI tract

  Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Salivary glands
• What do the accesory digestive organs do?

  chemical and mechanical digestion, mainly chemical breakdown tho
• What are the accessory organs


  teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
• What are the 6 basic processes involved in digestion

  Ingestion, secretion, motility, Digestion, Absorption, Defecation (IS m-Dad?)
• What are the layers of the GI tract

  mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
• Ingestion


  Intake of food
• Secretion


  adding things into the contents that in the GI tube (water, acids, digestive enzyme)
• Motility


  mixing and propelling food and secretions (mechanical digestion)
• Digestion


  taking large food particles and breaking them doen to smaller components
• Absorption


  smallest coponents we can get into blood and lymphatic system
• Defecation


  taking waste products like red blood cells and excreting them through feces
• Mucosa


  The innermost layer of the human digestive tract; in some parts of the digestive system, it contains mucus-secreting cells and glands that secrete digestive enzymes
• What are the layers of the mucosa


  epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
• Submucosa


  A layer of the human digestive system that contains the ENS nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes (connective tissue), has the submuscularis plexus
• Muscularis


  3rd layer made of 2 layers of smooth muscle that move food along the GI tract
• Serosa


  folded membrane on the outside, like the serous membrane for the organs of thw digestive tract
• Enteric nervous system


  Brain for our gut with its own sensory and motor responses
• Submucosal plexus


  sending signals to glnds to release secretions
• Myenteric plexus


  signal smooth muscle layers to contract
• Epithelium


  made up of either stratified squamous (damage control) + simple columnar for absorption
• Lamina propria


  loose areolar connective tissue, made of MALT removed the contents that we don't want in our stomach
• Muscalris mucosae


  thin layer of smooth muscle that contracts on itself to shorten the length of the tube + increase surface area of the lumen
• Muscularis


  Double layer consists of myenteric plexus - that signals smooth muscle contraction
• What are the two layers of the Muscularis?

  Innermost (circular muscle) + outermost (longitudinal muscle that creates peristalsis
• What type of muscle is in the mouth, pharynx, upper/middle esophagus & external anal sphincter

  skeletal muscle = voluntary control
• What type of muscle is in the rest of the GI tract

  Smooth muscle
• Where is the Myenteric plexus located

  between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers - controls motility
• Peritoneal folds


  greater omentum, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, mesocolon
• What is the mesentery


  a large adipose supply
• Which region of the GI tract is not covered by serous membrane

  adventitia
• Parietal peritoneum


  the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
• Visceral peritoneum


  the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
• Mesenteries


  numerous folds that wrap around the small intestine
• retroperitoneal

  located behind the peritoneum; kidneys, pancreas, and rectum