food provance

• food province - is the effect on the environment on food production.
• Food Provenance


  The effect of the environment on food production
• The Greenhouse effect


  Some sunlight that hits the earth is reflected. Some becomes heat. CO2, Methane, Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere trap heat, keeping the earth warm
• Climate change


  • Drought - lack of rainfall
  • Flooding
  • Severe gales and hurricanes
  • Higher or lower than normal temperatures
  • Extreme storms (dust/snow/thunder/lightning/cyclones)
• Discuss and make a list on the worksheet

  What will be the effects of the greenhouse effect, global warming and climate change on food production? How will this impact on people?
• Effects of global warming on food production

  • Failed plant crops
  • Plant crops cannot be irrigated (watered)
  • Dead fish and livestock
  • Forest fires damage farmland and kill livestock
  • Soil and nutrient washed away
  • Livestock drowned
  • Landslides destroy plant crops
  • Farmland polluted by sewage and rubbish from floods
  • Transport affected
  • Water and soil become polluted
  • Pests and insects grow and destroy plant crops
• Impacts of global warming on people

  • Hunger and starvation
  • Thirst
  • Higher food costs from imports
  • Air pollution affects health
  • Polluted water supply
  • Waterborne diseases
  • Food shortage
  • Traditional food changes
  • Lack of clean drinking water
• Food Provenance


  The effect of food production on the environment
• Carbon footprint


  The measure of the amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere by people, communities, industry throughout the process of producing and consuming food
• Greenhouse gases contributing to global warming and climate change

  • Methane
  • Nitrous oxide
• How does food production contribute to global warming and climate change?

  1. Growing and rearing / farming

  2. Processing and manufacturing

  3. Packaging

  4. Transportation

  5. Storage

  6. Cooking

  7. Waste

  8. Food sustainability
• How growing and rearing contributes to global warming

  • Deforestation to clear land for cattle or grow livestock feed (grains, soya beans)
  • Releasing gases and manure (methane)
  • Fertilisers - Pollution on land, air and water (releasing Nitrous oxide)
  • Intensive farming (not organic)
  • Organic farming
• Exact statistics are unclear but it is certainly true that vegetarian, vegan and meat-reducers are on the rise. Either through concerns for animal welfare, or health reasons or concerns for the environment.
• Reducing your meat consumption reduces your carbon footprint.
• How processing and manufacturing contributes to global warming

  • Energy (electrical energy from fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas) creating large quantities of carbon dioxide CO2
  • Energy to run factories, and machinery
  • Energy to run refrigeration in shops, storage units, restaurants and the home
• How packaging contributes to global warming

  • Energy and raw materials required
  • Plastic production produces greenhouse gases and uses a lot of non-renewable energy (oil)
  • Processing plastic and further processing into packaging
  • Packaging used for food and drink
  • Extracting crude oil used to produce plastics
  • Many plastics are not biodegradable and not all are able to recycled, so must be disposed of in landfill or by burning, which causes land and sea pollution
  • Paper, card, glass, aluminium are easier to recycle
  • Some plastics can be recycled but will not be used to make the same product
• Packaging is used to provide information to the consumer, contain and protect the food from damage and contamination, and to preserve and prolong the shelf life. So is all this really necessary?
• Reasons for food waste in the home

  • Not planning meals properly - buying more than is needed
  • Serving portions that are too large
  • Not storing food properly
  • Misunderstanding use-by and best before dates on packaging
  • Misunderstanding how leftover foods could be frozen for later use
  • Limited knowledge, confidence and cooking skills to make use of leftovers
• Food waste not just in the home. Food manufacturers, retailers, hospitality and catering industries and farming are all responsible for food waste.
• Some supermarkets are now donating food that is just out of date but still edible safe to charities who support homeless and low income families.
• Order of food groups wasted the most to least

  • Fresh vegetables and prepared salads
  • Bread and other bakery
  • Milk, dairy and eggs
  • Home cooked meals and take away meals
  • Fresh fruit
  • Meat and fish
• Wasted food has significant impact on environment - landfill where it rots and produces methane greenhouse gases.
• Seasonal foods


  Foods that are ready to be harvested at the stage of their life cycle when they are at their best for flavour, colour and texture. Usually cheaper to buy in season as more plentiful, more likely to be grown locally and so have less food miles, often healthier because fresher as not travelled across the world spending time in transport and storage, more likely to be grown locally, supporting local farmers.
• Many foods are imported from other parts of the world and are available all year in UK shops because they grow at different times in other countries. Importing food out of season has effects on environmental sustainability, transporting them can use many food miles and this can impact on climate change.
• Food miles


  The distance that food has travelled from producer to consumer, by boat, air, lorries. This includes people travelling in cars to buy food.
• Factors contributing to increasing food miles

  • Demand for a wide range of ingredients from different cuisines and cultures which are not produced or grown in the UK
  • Demand for cheap food
  • Demand for processed food
  • Demand for seasonal food all year round
  • People travelling in cars to buy food
• Locally produced food


  Available from farms, farmers markets, farm shops, local delivery services, 'pick you own' farms and smaller independent supermarkets and shops. Avoids environmental impact of food miles reducing carbon emissions, supports local farmers and producers, available in season when fresh and plentiful, better nutritionally and taste better, can be cheaper to buy, can be minimal packaging.
• Complete 5 challenges


  1. Fill up 2 shopping baskets - 1 for low carbon footprint foods, 1 for high carbon footprint foods

  2. Plan the breakfast, lunch and dinner for a day in each season that meets the dietary guidelines and the eatwell guide and considers the environmental impact of the foods included

  3. Produce an alternative called the Eatwell for the planet guide to illustrate (without words) the foods we should eat for the planet

  4. Match up picture cards into pairs

  5. Match the definition with the correct R - Rethink, Refuse, Reduce, Recycle, Repair, Reuse
• The 6 Rs


  • Rethink
  • Refuse
  • Reduce
  • Recycle
  • Repair
  • Reuse
• Diet, Nutrition and Health

  • Macronutrients – Fat, carbohydrates and proteins
  • Micronutrients – vitamins and minerals
• Food safety


  • Food poisoning bacteria – campylobacter
  • Main chopping board colours
• Food science and cooking food

  • Raising agents – chemical, biological, natural
  • Dextrinisation, caramelisation, gelatinisation, fermentation, shortening
  • Enzymes are biological catalysts made from proteins
  • Cooking methods
  • Reasons why we cook food
  • Problems that can occur when making and cooking short crust pastry and Victoria sponges and how to prevent the problems
  • Heat transfer methods, convection, conduction and radiation
• Food Provenance and processing

  • Ways that supermarkets can reduce food waste
  • Factors that can influence food choice, particularly when meal planning
• Cross contamination

  When bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one object to another
• Gluten

  The protein in flour
• Sugars

  • Intrinsic Sugars
  • Fructose
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Maltose
  • Lactose
  • Sucrose
• If it ends in 'ose' it is probably a sugar!
• Other health conditions related to diet

  • Anaemia
  • Rickets
  • Osteoporosis
  • Tooth Decay
• Obesity can lead to

  Type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease
• Vitamins

  • Fat-soluble vitamins
  • Water-soluble vitamins