community and solidarity

• Community


  The word community was derived from the Latin word communis, which means "common" or "shared"
• Community Action


  Any activity that aims to increase the understanding, engagement and empowerment of communities for the intention of giving services to people
• Community Dynamics


  The changes in the community brought about by social, cultural and environmental experiences whether it is positive or negative development that impacts within the community
• Empowerment


  Enable the people to independently decide, plan out and take action to control the situation they have in the community
• Non-geographical Community


  It is a community formed based on needs, ideas, interests, identity, practices, and roles in social institutions
• Geographical Community


  It is a community where members share the same geographical vicinity such as a village, province or neighborhood
• The study of community entails us to understand our very own community life. It gives us the idea on how to perceive reality by becoming involve in the day to day process
• Micro-level community


  A community wherein a group is formed based on personal ties
• Social Capital


  Social capital is a positive product of human interaction. The network of relationships within particular society, to function effectively
• Individuals having significant interaction within a specified area becomes one of the contributory factors in forming community
• Communication and relationships are imperative in building community. As people communicate and interact, relationships foster. It develops pattern by which adopted in the environment
• Levels of Communities


  • Micro-level community
  • Macro-level community (national, international, virtual)
• Community participation could be understood as the direct involvement of citizenry in the affairs of planning, governance, and overall development programs at local or grassroot levels
• Understanding


  Raise an awareness about certain communal issues that needs to be addressed
• Engagement


  Once issues are assessed properly and people in the community understand the needs, they work collaboratively to act on it
• Community as shared political and territory and heritage

  A tradition understanding of community refers to a group of people living in the same geographical area where interpersonal ties are locally bounded and are based on a shared government and a common cultural and historical heritage
• Community as shared political and territory and heritage

  • Education, military, government, healthcare
• Community as a network of interpersonal ties based on common interest


  Another notion of community refers to a network of interpersonal ties that are based around a common interest. These ties, in return, provide mutual support, a sense of identity, and a sense of belongingness for the members
• Community as a network of interpersonal ties based on common interest


  • Sporting community, LGBT community, virtual community/netizens
• Sense of Community


  A feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members'
• Elements of Sense of Community

  • Membership
  • Influence
  • Integration and fulfilment of needs
  • Shared emotional connection
• Membership


  Refers to the feeling of belonging or of sharing a sense of personal relatedness. It consists of five attributes: boundaries, emotional safety, sense of belonging and identification, personal investment, and common symbol system
• Influence


  Refers to the sense of having importance or of feeling valued, wherein there is balance between members feeling that they have a say in the community and a community being a body that also has the power to make its members conform
• Integration and fulfilment of needs


  Refers to the feeling of fulfilment, which stems for persona investments that members make in maintaining community membership or in participating in community activities and affairs
• Shared emotional connection


  Refers to a sense of shared cultural and heritage and the feeling that common experiences will continue to be shared in the future
• Community Structures and their Elements

  • Social Structures
  • Cultural Structures
  • Political Structure
  • Economic Structure
• Social Structures


  Refers to the rules and expectations that people develop in the community over time to help regulate and manage their interaction from one another. Includes social institutions, social groups, status, and roles
• Cultural Structures


  Refers to the institutionalized patterns of ways of life that are shared, learned, developed, and accepted by the people in the community. Includes symbols and language, norms, values and beliefs, and rituals
• Political Structure


  Refers to the people's established ways of allocating power and making decisions in running and managing community affairs. Includes leadership structure and political organization
• Economic Structure


  Pertains to various organized ways and means through which people in the community produce goods and services, allocate limited resources, and generate wealth on order to satisfy their needs and wants. Includes capital assets, vulnerability context, business climate, and trade
• What will students be able to understand after working on this module?

  The meaning of Ethics and concepts related to it
• What is one of the specific learning outcomes of this module?

  Differentiating morality from Ethics
• What does the term "morality" refer to in the context of this module?


  The quality of right or wrong in human acts
• How does Ethics differ from other sciences that study human conduct?


  Ethics is particularly concerned with the morality of human actions
• According to Felix Montemayor, what does Ethics study?


  Human acts or human conduct
• What is the relationship between Ethics and Psychology?


  Psychology studies how man behaves, while Ethics studies how man ought to behave
• What does the term "human acts" refer to in the context of Ethics?


  Acts done with knowledge and consent
• What are the definitions of Ethics provided in the study material?


  1. Practical science of the morality of human actions
  2. Scientific inquiry into the principles of morality
  3. Science of human acts with reference to right and wrong
  4. Study of human conduct from the standpoint of morality
  5. Study of the rectitude of human conduct
  6. Science which lays down the principles of right living
  7. Practical science that guides us in our actions
  8. Normative and practical science based on reason
  9. Investigation of life according to Socrates
• How does Ethics relate to Economics?


  Ethics examines the moral order of earning a living
• What is the significance of the statement "the unexamined life is not worth living" according to Socrates?


  It emphasizes the importance of investigating the meaning of life