adler
Cards (13)
- Alfred Adler
- Born on Feb 7, 1870 in Vienna, Austria
- Second of six children
- Died on May 28, 1937 (aged 67) in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
- Suffered rickets as a child
- Got pneumonia at age 4
- Turned interest from ophthalmology to psychiatry
- Adler's theories had a significant impact on various areas of psychology, including therapy, child development, and the understanding of personality formation
- Individual Psychology
- Emphasized the uniqueness of the individual and their relationships with society
- Believed that all human behavior and experience were driven by a single motivating force called the striving for perfection
- Striving for Superiority and Success
- Individuals strive for superiority or success as a means of compensation for feelings of inferiority or weakness
- Psychologically healthy individuals strive for the success and well-being of all humanity
- Birth order has a significant impact on a child's personality and their feelings of inferiority
- Subjective Perceptions and Internal Determinants of Behavior
- People's actions and personalities are shaped by their subjective perceptions of reality
- Individuals have a subjective image of the external world, rather than perceiving actual facts
- The basic psychological element of neurosis is a sense of inferiority, and individuals spend their lives trying to overcome these feelings without being in touch with reality
- Unity and Self Consistency of Personality
- Personality is unified and self-consistent
- Each person is unique and indivisible, and inconsistent behavior does not exist
- Organ jargon or organ dialect refers to the confusing and seemingly inconsistent behavior that some individuals exhibit
- Social Interest
- Refers to a person's kinship with other living beings and their sense of belonging in the human community
- Crucial for living a healthy and fulfilling life
- Lack of social interest can lead to self-absorption and a focus solely on one's own needs and desires
- Style of Life
- Refers to an individual's unique, unconscious, and repetitive way of responding to or avoiding the main tasks of living
- Rooted in a childhood prototype and remains consistent throughout life unless changed through depth psychotherapy
- Reflects the individual's creative power and is influenced by early childhood situations
- Creative Power
- The concept of creative power is central to human development and the individual's personality
- Each individual possesses a unique creative power that allows them to shape their own life and overcome the difficulties they encounter
- Abnormal Development
- All individuals are born with a sense of inferiority and inadequacy, which motivates them to strive for superiority and compensate for their perceived weaknesses
- Individuals who experience abnormal personality development may exhibit a strong drive for superiority, which can manifest in various ways
- Safeguarding Tendencies
- People develop safeguarding tendencies to protect their exaggerated sense of self-esteem from public disgrace
- Includes depreciation, accusation, self-accusation, withdrawal, moving backward, exclusion, and masculine protest
- Masculine Protest
- Refers to the societal pressure for individuals to conform to traditional gender roles
- Can manifest as a rejection of socially constructed norms associated with femininity in women, or a cult of the superman in men
- Adler's Concept of Humanity
- People are self-determining social creatures who have the ability to make choices and shape their own lives
- Healthy individuals have a high level of social interest, which involves a concern for the well-being of others and a willingness to contribute to the betterment of society
- Individuals are primarily motivated by a striving for superiority or success
- Adler recognized the uniqueness of individuals and their capacity to develop their own potential
- Adler developed the first holistic theory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy